Selection of active strains of filamentous fungi as producers of hydrolytic enzymes for struggle against phytopathogens

Enzymes of cellulase, hemicellulase, chitinase systems of local strains of mycelial and phytopathogenic, saprotrophic fungi isolated from various natural sources of the Republic of Uzbekistan were studied in a comparative aspect. According to the degree of hydrolysis of chitin and microcrystalline cellulose, added to the medium content as the only carbon source, and growth rate, 45 cultures were selected from the studied 151 representatives of microscopic fungi. Then 29 highly active cultures belonging to the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and also saprophytes Ulocladium, Alternaria were selected with deepening studies. Further among them, with the study of their action spectrum, 8 highly active cultures were collected. The activity of enzymes hydrolyzing natural polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin, xylan) was determined, as well as protein accumulation was observed in media containing chitin and microcrystalline cellulose as the sole source of carbon. It was shown that the activity of hydrolases (cellulases on the hydrolysis of cellulose-containing substrates - chitinase, xylanase) and the formation of protein depended on species affiliation of fungi, carbon sources in the culture medium and growth duration. The inhibitory effect of hydrolytically active culture fluids of fungi Penicillium sp. 18, Penicillium sp. 140 and Aspergillus terreus 461, Aspergillus terreus 499 on the phytopathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahliaе, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani was defined. Selected fungi with high hydrolytic activity are the basis for the creation of highly effective ecologically safe biopreparations of microbial origin for protecting plants from phytopathogens and new biotechnologies in the field of crop cultivation, bioconversion of plant and industrial waste, environmental protection.