Semantic characteristics and features of phraseological units with component-somatism fej / paa / пря ‘head’ in the Hungarian, Finnish and Moksha languages

Introduction. Somatic vocabulary, belonging to the oldest layer of lexical language, has long been the focus of linguists. Somatic tokens occupy a special place in the phraseological foundation of many languages. Research shows that most common somatisms are the names of the outer parts of the human body. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that phraseological units with a somatic component is a large group of phraseological units in the Hungarian, Finnish and Moksha languages, which requires additional study. The object of the study is a comparative analysis of phraseological units in these languages, taking into account their semantic characteristics. The subject of the study is phraseological units with the somatic component fej / pää / пря ‘head’. The purpose of the study is to identify common semantic regularities in the phraseological foundation of the named distant Finno-Ugric languages, the definition of full or partial equivalents and equivalents of phraseological units. Materials and Methods. The material of the study was the phraseology with the somatic component fej / pää / пря ‘head’, selected by us using the method of continuous sampling from the phraseological and bilingual dictionaries of the Finnish, Hungarian and Mokshan languages. The study involves comparative, comparative and descriptive methods of analysis. Results and Discussion. The phraseological units selected by us in the studied languages with somatic meaning “head” could be classified according to the principle of the semantic characteristic into four groups: 1) cognitive activity; 2) a person’s mental abilities; 3) physical and mental condition; 4) behavior. Conclusion. Somatic phraseological units with the component fej / pää / пря ‘head’ in the Hungarian, Finnish and Moksha languages express different meanings that coincide in most cases with the studied languages, which allowed them to be combined on the basis of a common semantic feature. Along with this, the prevalence of full and partial equivalents has been established; the presence of separate non-equivalent phraseological units in the languages represented shows the national and cultural identity of the speakers of these languages.