WNT signaling pathway in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is currently an incurable oncohematological disease characterized by transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of clonal plasma cells (PK, plasmocytes) in the bone marrow (BM). Methods and treatment regimens are being improved every year, new drugs are being introduced into practice, which has led to an improvement in overall survival, but cases of drug resistance are still frequent, which lead to an early refractory relapse of the disease. The progression of MM is also facilitated by the tumor microenvironment, represented by the components of the hematopoietic niche of CM altered under the influence of MM. In the normal BM microenvironment, WNT signaling pathways play an important role in the regulation of cellular interactions: canonical (β-cateninmediated) and non-canonical (independent of β-catenin). In MM, violations of WNT signaling can play a dual role: to support the vital activity of tumor cells and, on the contrary, to counteract MM by participating in osteogenesis. The genes associated with the WNT signaling cascade are currently being proposed as targets for targeted therapy. Interactions between tumor cells and cells in the microenvironment mediated by WNT signaling have not yet been fully studied. The review contains data clarifying the role of signaling pathways involving WNT in the progression of MM.