Correlation between processes of word formation, borrowing and loan translation in the Russian language and their evaluation

Statement of the problem. Loan translation (or calque) and borrowing are considered as specific concepts relative to the generic concept of word formation. The concept of ersatz words is applied to the Russian language. It is at the intersection of original word formation and loan translation. The terms lexical and morphem-by-morphem loan translation are introduced. In the field of lexicology, there is a zone of intersection with word formation, including the problem of foreign language borrowing. The role of normative evaluation is lowest in native word formation, highest in loan translation, and much higher in foreign borrowing. The new ersatz word povestka (English agenda), lexical loan translations sdelka (English the deal), prodat’ (English to sell about information), as well as the etiquette ersatz sentence and syntactic calque are considered and evaluated from a normative point of view. The conditions for the appropriateness and inappropriateness of their use are determined. The purpose of the article is to develop a consistent correlation between the processes of word formation, loan translation and borrowing, suitable for the historical and normative study of the Russian language. The material of the article is the resources of the basic and newspaper sub-corpora of the NCRL. The research methods include historical, comparative, contextual, normative-pragmatic assessment. The review of scientific literature on the problem takes into account works on word formation, loan translation and borrowings by S.K. Bulich, L.P. Efremov, K. Fleckenstein, N.M. Shansky, Fr. Keinz, G.A. Nikolaev, and L.P. Krysin. Research results. A variant of ordering the historical concepts of lexicology, word formation, loan translation and borrowing is proposed. They are distributed in ascending order of the required codification effect.