The status of regional populations of the Simmental, the Sychevskaya and the Brown Swiss cattle breeds, their intrabreed types in Russia

The research purpose is to study the number of the Simmental and Sychevskaya and the Brown Swiss cows, their intra-breed types, productive and reproductive abilities, as well as productive longevity in the country and in federal districts separately. Among the cows of the Simmental, Sychevskaya breeds and their intrabreed types, the Simmental breed is the most numerous in the country, the number of which is more than 51 thousand. Most of them are kept in Siberia (more than 23.8 thousand cows), there are fewer cows in the Northwestern and Southern federal districts 0.2 and 0.23 thousand cows, respectively. Animals of the Sychevskaya breed and Vazuzskiy type, as well as Nikolaevskiy type of the Simmental breed are kept only on farms of the Central Federal District. There is a significant variation in the productive qualities of the country’s controlled livestock. Thus, the milk yield of the Nikolaevskiy type of the Simmental cows is 2235 kg, and the protein content is 0.09 in absolute percentage higher than that of purebred Simmentals, with practically equal fat content (3.97-3.99%). The Sychevskaya cows have produced 4.3 calvings in the country’s herds, which is 0.4 calvings longer than the Simmental cows. Unlike the Simmentals in other federal districts, the cows in the Far Eastern federal district leave the herds later than compared to all other breeds at the age of 6 calvings, with representatives from the Southern federal district being 0.2 calvings behind them. The Simmentals of the Northwestern federal district have produced the least number of calvings in the herds - 2.61 calvings, they also differed in the longer duration of the service period - more than 6 months. Among all breeds and types the highest calf yield is shown by the Brown Swiss breed in the North Caucasus district, with an indicator of 91.8 calves.