Modern methods of instrumental diagnostics of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and disrupted bone tissue structure, leading to an increased risk of fractures even with minimal trauma. Often, osteoporosis is diagnosed at the complication stage – when low-energy fractures occur, which can lower quality of life and lead to significant recovery costs. This highlights the need for timely diagnosis. This review examines specialized techniques for diagnosing osteoporosis used in clinical practice. It also evaluates the possibility of detecting signs of osteoporosis through routine X-rays taken for other reasons. Additionally, modern approaches are analyzed, including the use of artificial intelligence and radiomic analysis for diagnosing osteoporosis. Improving current diagnostic methods and developing new technologies should be key priorities in enhancing osteoporosis detection.