A modern view on the treatment of gallstone disease: a retrospective analysis of the results of the surgical technique of single-access cholecystectomy

Introduction. A standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed using four surgical incisions and is the "gold standard" in global surgical practice. The widespread epidemiology of gallstone disease necessitates the ongoing search for ways to minimize postoperative pain, speed up the recovery period, and improve patient satisfaction. Currently, the single incision laparascopic cholecystectomy technique is the most minimally invasive treatment for gallstone disease. The purpose of this study is to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with cholelithiasis and substantiate the clinical effectiveness of operations from a single access. Materials and methods. A group of authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the treatment results of patients operated on in the period 2023–2024 at the study sites: City Clinical Hospital named after M.E. Zhadkevich and City Clinical Hospital no 24 of the Moscow Health Department. Research results and discussion. 87 patients underwent single-port cholecystectomy. There were no adverse events related to medical intervention. The median of intraoperative blood loss was 20 ml. The average duration of surgery was 55 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications that caused the conversion. No deaths related to surgical intervention have been recorded. An analysis of the immediate and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment was conducted. Long-term outcomes were assessed using the Gallstone Impact Checklist (GIC) questionnaire and demonstrated satisfactory results. Conclusion. The results of this study and data from the world literature demonstrate the clinical effectiveness, functionality and reproducibility of SILS operations.