Ways of translation of Russian realities in guidelines in the French language

Tourist discourse is a subject of study of linguistics for a relatively short time. Its recognition as an independent type of discourse is not shared by all linguists, because by some typological parameters it intersects with advertising discourse. It is recognized that in the tourist discourse there are intersections with historical, art, journalistic, culinary and other discourses. Tourism discourse, being an institutional discourse, has a wide variety of genres, represented by both written and oral genres. One of the most difficult genres is a guidebook, which may include information of national-cultural, socio-political, practical nature, which determines the presence of nationally-labeled units, or realities. These lexical units are difficult to transmit in a foreign language, as they do not have full equivalents in another language, and are absent in another culture. However, the pragmatic goal of a travel guide is to familiarize a potential tourist with the cultural features of the country, which necessitates the search for ways to present background information to a foreign reader. The article proposes a classification of ways to include Russian realities in French text using the printed guide of the Soviet publication and the websites of modern French travel guides offering travel arrangements in Russia as an example. The conclusion is drawn on the dependence of the methods of transmitting realities on the pragmatic purpose of the text.