Substandard paremiology in fi ction

This paper aims to analyze paremias containing substandard components in fi ctional texts and to identify their functions. Its relevance is rooted in modern linguocognitive studies, where paremias with substandardisms are viewed as a foundation for describing confl ict situations and the expression of opposing viewpoints. This, in turn, allows for an analysis of the worldview systems of specifi c social groups. The novelty of this study lies in its diachronic examination of major dictionaries of substandard vocabulary and in analyzing the system of paremias with substandard elements in the works of Zakhar Prilepin, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Varlam Shalamov. Their functions are explored using pragmalinguistic methods, including contextual analysis and pragmalinguistic description of the roles played by these paremias in literary works of the XIX and XX centuries. The research concludes that such paremias aid authors in refl ecting reality and in expressing the axiological attitudes of particular societal segments. Writers reconstruct fragments of reality, employing paremias to convey their intentions, model life situations, and interpret them emotionally.