Технология очистки семян зерновых культур от длинных примесей

One of the problems of post-harvest processing of seed and food grain is cleaning from long impurities, in particular from wild oat. The use of cellular triers to isolate long impurities from the grain heap leads to a decrease in the capacity of production lines, an increase in the cost of post-harvest processing, and increased damage to seeds. Research on post-harvest processing of seeds of grain and leguminous crops resulted in developing a technological scheme of a line for straight-line seed cleaning. The line included an upgraded grain cleaning machine ZVS-20A which was designed to isolate long impurities from the grain heap on flat sieves. The main feature of this machine was that the sieve mills were equipped with chute boards and orienting surfaces. At the same time, the upper sieves had round holes, and the lower had rectangular ones. The angle of inclination of the sieves to the horizon and the oscillation frequency were selected taking into account the optimal values of the experimental data. Experimental studies on seed cleaning showed that increasing grain moisture reduced capacity. It was also established that the wild oat cylinders of the trier provided the required specific capacity with satisfactory completeness of isolation and permissible losses of seeds to waste. Attempts to increase the specific load resulted in decreasing the separation quality due to the descent of the seeds of the main crop together with oatmeal, while the upgraded grain cleaning machine demonstrated higher specific capacity. Small seeds formed the overwhelming majority of substandard seeds in terms of germination capacity.