The concept of discourse: features and interpretation

The concept of discourse occupies a central position in contemporary linguistic studies, reflecting the anthropocentric orientation of language. Discourse is widely regarded as a complex communicative process that integrates both linguistic and extralinguistic dimensions. Furthermore, numerous scholars emphasize its multifaceted nature, encompassing cognitive, sociocultural, and pragmatic aspects. This article aims to explore the theoretical foundations of discourse and its classification into various types, such as personal and institutional discourse. In addition, a comparative analysis of English and Russian lexicographic traditions highlights significant differences. While both languages underscore the importance of communicative interaction, the Russian perspective uniquely incorporates extralinguistic factors, including sociocultural and psychological dimensions. Consequently, discourse is conceptualized as a bridge between reality and text, facilitating a nuanced understanding of language use. Moreover, advertising discourse is identified as a subset of media discourse, distinguished by its systemic features. Ultimately, the study advances theoretical insights into discourse’s situational relevance and practical implications.