Transcendentism as a Type of Philosophical Worldview

The article is the final part of a comprehensive study of types of worldviews conducted by the authors. In previous publications, they proposed to distinguish three types of philosophical worldviews (naturalistic, pantheistic and transcendent) from the diversity, and analyzed the first and second types. This article examines the third philosophical type — transcendent. Indicates that transcendentism is a product of the “Axial Age”, which is characterized by a breakthrough into the sphere of the transcendent and the emergence of faith as a special gnosis, knowledge of the incomprehensible (K. Jaspers). It is argued that, unlike the naturalistic and pantheistic types of worldview, transcendentism is characterized by the idea of a source of existence that is other than empirical being, which allows it to consistently solve the eternal philosophical problem of the origin — both of the world itself and of movement in it. In addition, the transcendent type of philosophical worldview makes it possible to fundamentally overcome social and natural determinism and most fully explain the reasons for the existence of freedom in man, which is a necessary condition for his morality and creative transformative activity. The authors of the article, relying on the results of their previous studies of naturalism and pantheism, identified a number of characteristic features of transcendentism and came to the conclusion that this type of worldview is capable of consistently resolving the most important theoretical and practical philosophical problems.