Transformation of the Indian Festival Kumbh Mela in Historical and Cultural Context

The festival is a special form of creativity and a specific means of intercultural communication, within the framework of which the intellectual and creative aspirations of the time are realized. The author of the article examines the Kumbh Mela festival, which is one of the most ancient traditions that has survived to this day, is considered the main event in Hinduism, and is the largest religious and spiritual mass gathering of people on the planet. The festival is included in the UNESCO List of Intangible Heritage as a unique cultural phenomenon that has demonstrated its continuity and viability over the centuries. Originating in the pre-Aryan era and finally formed during the period of classical Hinduism, pilgrimage has been the most important factor in shaping the religious, political and socio-cultural history of India for many years. In the 21st century, pilgrimage, being initially the most ancient religious tradition, has not disappeared anywhere, but has survived and is actively developing. There are countless pilgrimage routes in India, the network of which envelops the entire country. The pilgrimage to the four sites of Kumbh Mela is a religious and socio-cultural phenomenon of our times.