Tubular deformation of the mammary glands: modern concepts of etiology, diagnosis and surgical correction

Introduction. Tubular deformity of the mammary glands (TMJ, tubular breast, constricted breast) is a specific congenital malformation characterized by hypoplasia of the glandular tissue, mainly in the lower and/or medial quadrants. The main part. The review article systematizes current data on tubular breast deformity, a complex congenital malformation. The proposed etiological factors and key links of pathogenesis based on the concept of the presence of a fibrous ring at the base of the gland are considered in detail. The most relevant clinical classifications are given. Special attention is paid to the principles of choosing surgical tactics. Modern methods of surgical correction are described in detail, including variants of glandular plastic surgery techniques, the use of implants, biological mesh and lipofilling, as well as combined methods. Conclusion. Correction of the tubular deformity of the mammary glands is one of the most difficult tasks in aesthetic mammoplasty. The success of treatment is based on accurate diagnosis of the type of deformity, careful preoperative planning and the choice of an individualized surgical approach aimed at correcting all components of the defect. Modern combined techniques make it possible to achieve stable and aesthetic results, significantly improving the quality of life of patients.