Typhlo-Commentating in Russia: Stages of Development and Current State

Currently, the realization of the rights of people with disabilities to receive various socio-cultural services has become an important part of public policy in many countries of the world, including Russia. In everyday life, people with disabilities face numerous barriers that prevent them from being active members of society. The article is devoted to typhlo-commentating, one of the ways to create an accessible environment aimed at blind and visually impaired people. The development of typhlo-commentating was included in the state program "Accessible Environment 2011-2025", which emphasizes the relevance and significance of this service in the process of social rehabilitation of visually impaired people and their integration into society. The author presents a review of scientific publications devoted to the problem of implementing an inclusive approach in society, as well as an analysis of the current state of audio description and typhlo-commentating in Russia. The article reveals the history of the origin of audiodescription, the essence and difference of the concepts of "audio description" and "typhlo-commentating". The author highlights the stages of forming typhlo-commentating as a social inclusion for the blind in Russia, identifies the main areas of implementation of this service: cinema, theater, museums, entertainment events. The article highlights the important role of S. N. Vanshin, General Director of the Institute of Professional Rehabilitation and Training of Personnel of the All-Russian Society of the Blind Personnel (the Reacomp Higher Educational Institution), in creating the concept of typhlo-commentating. The terminological apparatus of the subject of research and the regulatory framework are presented. In conclusion, it is concluded that the development of typhlo-commentating in Russia is uneven in terms of territory and scope.