Vectors of exogenous linguistic and sociocultural influences (on the material of I.S. Turgenev's works)

Two fundamentally important phenomena of human existence, language and culture, are constantly interacting at the same time being subjected to various influences from outside. As a rule, such developments usually and completely voluntarily succumb to the upper strata of the society - not just and not only as the order of the day, but also as a means of additional and unambiguous differentiation of society, clear separation of aristocracy from plebs. The most resonant and longterm external influence on the Russian nobility was the Gallomania of the 18th-19th centuries, expressed both in the preference of the French language to the native language, and in the learning of the French etiquette and fashion tastes, and finally in the adoption of axiological guidelines. All this was widely reflected in our literary classic. However, almost synchronously there was English influence, especially since the beginning of the 19th century. The Anglomania of Russian aristocrats was relatively not so visible, especially since it found embodiment in slightly different forms. This is also evidenced by the literary and artistic works of Russian writers. The article considers a number of texts by I.S.Turgenev, who well presented the realities of the society of his time, in particular - its top classes. Numerous examples of two dominant tendencies, gallomania and anglomania, in speech behavior and the household of noble characters are given. The analysis of informative material makes it possible to conclude that in the 19th century there were two dominant exogenous linguistic and sociocultural vectors which complemented one another. Their combination served as an insurmountable barrier between the higher and lower strata of the Russian society that had the most negative consequences for the latter.