Статьи журнала - Вестник Нижневартовского государственного университета
Все статьи: 984
Pinus eldarica Medw. as indicator of vehicular pollution
Статья научная
This paper presents a study of developmental stability of Pinus eldarica Medw. in conditions of airborne traffic pollution. The study has been performed over the period of 3 years (from 2017 to 2019) in the Absheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan. The purpose of the study was to assess the morphophysiological changes in the species Pinus eldarica Medw. Exposed to pollution from motor vehicles and thus identify the bioindicator properties of pine trees. The study used morphological, physiological and statistical methods. The indicating data on fluctuating asymmetry and necrosis in Pinus eldarica Medw. was obtained in areas with varying degree of atmospheric pollution. Based on these data, ecological zoning was carried out using GIS technologies, and an environmental map of the studied territories was compiled. Species Pinus eldaric a Medw. can be used as a phytometer for the purpose of environmental monitoring.
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Статья научная
The article presents the results of a study of the practice of teachers’ professional development in the context of digitalization of education carried out in order to identify the features of teachers’ professional development and the main conceptual ideas implemented in different countries. The article examines the practice of teachers’ professional development in other countries as well as in a number of Russian regions. The analysis of pedagogical literature and scientific articles was carried out using the method of apperception and the descriptive method. The use of apperception method allowed us to expand information about the existing professional development practices implemented in different countries and regions. The use of descriptive method in working with scientific literature made it possible to select articles based on keywords, “descriptors”. In this study, the following phrases were used as descriptors: “professional development of teachers”, “concepts of professional development of teachers”, “advanced training of teachers”, “practice of professional development of teachers”. As a result, practices of teachers’ professional development have been identified that have both similar conceptual ideas and some national or regional features. Two of the conceptual ideas reflected in almost all countries are particularly noteworthy: that of continuity and that of personalization of teachers’ professional development in the context of education digitalization. Implementation of these ideas makes it possible to ensure continuous professional development of a teacher taking into account his or her professional experience, expertise, professional competencies and interests, as well as the interests and demands of the educational organization in which he or she works. The implementation of these ideas is carried out through integration of formal and non-formal education, as well as through self-education and self-development of teachers in the context of education digitalization.
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Статья научная
The object of this work is to consider the problem of complementarity of the qualification readiness of candidates (applicants) for the future military specialty. Professional psychological selection of military personnel is considered as a psychological prerequisite for increasing the effectiveness of military professional training (retraining), as a way to overcome the discrepancy between the applicant (subject of military professional activity) and the requirements of the MAS. The analysis of dissertation research, scientific literature and regulatory documents made it possible to classify the types of human suitability for military professional activity into groups. The basis for the classification was the characteristics of the psychological qualities and innate personality traits necessary for the development of the military profession, as well as their psychodiagnostic tools. The factors of professional suitability are described in detail, the structural elements necessary for effective functioning in the profession are highlighted, by which it is possible to assess the professional suitability of a person. The composition and composition of the qualification psyche suitability of a person, which determine the profitability of technologies and algorithms (retraining) of applicants for vacancies of contract servicemen in the Russia Armed Forces, have been clarified. The definition of psychiatric suitability has been clarified. The professional suitability of an individual for military specialties is considered from the point of view of two basic tendencies to the knowledge of this phenomenon, the types of readiness of the individual for specialized activities are described. The specific characteristics of military professional training are revealed.
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Psychofunctional state of men of working age in extreme socio-natural conditions
Статья научная
This investigation was conducted to study the psychofunctional status of male respondents of working age who are under the combined influence of adverse environment such as socio-natural conditions. According to the results obtained, in groups of men working in a northern region at a security company in aperiodic shift mode, hemodynamic parameters differed depending on seniority: among people with more than 5 years of work experience systolic BP values were higher and there was a strong tendency to higher diastolic and pulse BP. A lower vascular tone was noted among male students of the Northern Medical University, which indicates a lower activity of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system. Their magnitude of systolic blood pressure approached the data of men with greater work experience. According to the results of the WAM methodology (well-being, activity, mood), in all three scales, the psychofunctional status of employees with less work experience was more favorable. Their self-assessment in the scales of well-being and activity differed greately. In comparison with the guards of both groups, students demonstrated a more favorable psychofunctional state in the scales of well-being and mood during the intersessional period. In accordance with the activity indicators, they were inferior to men whose work experience was less than 5 years. As a result, the formation of negative trends in hemodynamics was revealed among men with longer labor experience. It was most pronounced in the indicators of the heart component of blood pressure - systolic blood pressure. In the group of students, the average characteristics of the systolic blood pressure were approaching the data of a group of men with greater work experience. With an increase of work experience, self-assessment of psychofunctional status is reduced, especially in the scale of well-being. According to the activity scale, students were inferior to men whose work experience was less than 5 years. The results of the study demonstrate stress factors that distinguish the educational process of a northern medical university. Their impact is comparable to the consequences of aperiodic work in shifts with a high level of psychoemotional stress. In the north, these influences are aggravated by complex climatogeophysical conditions.
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Research of sociocultural family value in the consciousness of military university cadets
Статья научная
The article examines the sociocultural value of the family in the minds of military university cadets in the light of changes that have occurred in the marriage and family sphere in modern Russian society. The first part of the article reveals relevance of this problem, content of terminal values, their classification and characteristics of individual groups. The article highlights some trends that occurred in the public consciousness of the late XX - early XXI centuries concerning the values of the marriage and family sphere. To get a deeper insight into the nature of this problem, the authors studied many works, compared the leading scientific approaches of scientists in the study of terminal values. The article examines theoretical ideas about family and marriage relations and the results of empirical research of social and cultural family values in the minds of students in the framework of teaching at the Department for military and political work, Russian Air Force Military Educational and Scientific Center “Air Force Academy “Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Major Y.A. Gagarin”. The authors provide data from the methods and conduct a detailed qualitative analysis of the level of life-meaning orientations and the most significant terminal values of cadets. The educational impact on cadets in order to form the value of the family in a military University is complex. The content of training programs in the disciplines “Psychology”, “Psychology and Pedagogy”, “Personnel Management in the armed forces of the Russian Federation” is aimed at solving this problem. The article makes an important conclusion that the training of cadets for family life is a significant part of military-political work in a military university, and the adjustment and formation of terminal values of young people in accordance with socially significant values is achievable with a systematic, purposeful psychological and pedagogical process of training cadets for marital and family relationship.
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Scientific work organization of the technical profile students
Статья научная
This article deals with the issue of the technical profile students´ scientific work (SSW) organization in the P.S. Nakhimov BSHNS. The implementation of the ESW at the P.S. Nakhimov BSHNS is given in the form of reports to the conference CMSS and SMSS and the reports preparation that are published in the the CMSS and SMSS Cadets and Students Reports Collection at the Conference of the P.S. Nakhimov BSHNS. Preparation for this conference is carried out for 6 months and aims to increase the scientific training level of the specialists with higher professional education and identify talented young people for the subsequent replenishment of the university scientific and pedagogical staff. The reports are carried out in accordance with the curricula and programs. These reports contain elements of scientific research. Participation in research work helps students to comprehend the basics of their specialty, apply knowledge in solving practical problems, develops skills in working in research and production teams. In the process of carrying out educational research, students learn to work independently with scientific literature and systematize it, apply their knowledge in solving specific research tasks. The conference result was "Recommendations to the Student Heads Educational and Research Works of the BSHNS. Therefore, the main ESW goal is the self-realization of the student's personality based on the acquired research skills. Under the guidance of the supervisor (teacher), the student's personality develops in three directions: self-improvement, self-knowledge, and self-education. In the course of research activities, the following student qualities are acquired and developed: the skill of independent research activity; the skill of working with scientific and cognitive literature; initiative and creativity; use, expansion and deepening of subject knowledge; the skill of working together with the participants of the study; self-affirmation of students in this subject area, etc.
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Seasonal microalternations of ECG signal in students of a northern university
Статья научная
The research addresses the seasonal dynamics of electrophysiological properties of the myocardium in students who live and study in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug -Yugra, Russia. The main method of the research was the dispersion mapping of low-amplitude cardiocycle oscillations. The indicators of the electrophysiological properties of the myocardium were recorded in the Human Ecology Laboratory of Nizhnevartovsk State University using the CardioVisor-06s computer-based heart screening system. Eighty 2nd and 3rd year students participated in the research. Microalternations of the ECG signal were recorded four times per year, once in each season. The electrophysiological activity of the myocardium was analyzed and showed seasonal dynamics. The myocardial microalternation index and the Rhythm indicator increased from summer to winter and reached maximum in spring. Increased integral indicators of dispersion mapping in spring may indicate the climatic impact. The transitional season puts greater stress on the functional reserves of the body, which was manifested by the observed alternations in the electrophysiological activity of the myocardium...
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Sex and age characteristics of daily activity of distance learning students in northern climate
Статья научная
The purpose of the work is to study the time preferences of students performing daily tasks during distance learning and to determine if such preferences depend on sex and the year of study. In the absence of social regulation, the daytime and nighttime activity of students corresponded to the distribution of chronotypesthat typifies a northern region, with arrhythmic and evening types prevailingbut the morning biorhythmic stereotype having a minimal representation. With no ‘master timer’ in distance learning, students demonstrated pronounced sex differences in the daily dynamics of performance. Young femaleshad maximum performanceduring the day and minimum performanceat night, which corresponds to the most common type. Young males were observed to have several ascents in their performance during the 24-hour period. First-year and second-year students’ learning behavior was less synchronized with the day-night cycle. The wavelet analysis found insignificant four to five hourrhythmic fluctuations thatoccurred in the evening hours, during the period of students’ high educational performance.
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Some research on the genus Camellia L. (Theaceae) with representatives in Vietnam
Статья научная
Many studies have been conducted to classify the genus Camellia, yet they have not been entirely consistent. Therefore, doing research on some of the taxonomic systems of the genus Camellia will serve as the basis for the classification and arrangement of recently discovered species into a consistent system. A series of studies based on morphology as well as molecular biology techniques, the classification of pollen spores, and the analysis of leaf anatomy were examined. The systems based on morphological characteristics were inherited and widely recognized, thereby becoming an appropriate method to classify the genus Camellia with representatives in Vietnam.
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Статья научная
The article examines the issues concerning the perception and promotion of socialist ideas on the African continent in the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose of this article is to show how socialism was perceived and interpreted in African countries that chose the "socialist way" of development, namely Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Mali, Guinea, Senegal, Ghana, Tanzania, Angola, Mozambique, Sudan and Ethiopia. The author set the task to show the reasons for the failures in the promotion of Soviet socialism in Africa. Attention was focused on the analysis of difficulties and obstacles in the promotion of socialism in the economic, political and cultural spheres. The work is based on the information of a survey conducted by the author among representatives of the African intelligentsia from different countries, many of whose representatives studied in the Soviet Union. The research showed that, despite the fact that the USSR spent an active policy in Africa, developing economic, military, political, educational cooperation, it was unable to implement its plans for socialist construction on the continent. This can be explained by the fact that after independence, Africans developed their own views on the socialist system. Perceiving socialism at the level of ideology, African leaders could not accept the socialist economic system. It was impossible to fully accept the Soviet model, since it did not correspond to the realities of African life in many ways. The fact that many African leaders studied in the West also played a role. The materials contained in the article can be used in educational and training activities, as well as for a better understanding of why Soviet socialism could not gain a foothold in Africa.
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Статья научная
The object of the study of this work is the consideration of the problem of readiness of a military specialist for functional activity in a conflictogenic professional environment. The article analyzes the models of professional activity of military specialists described in dissertation research, scientific literature and regulatory documents, which made it possible to classify them into groups. The readiness of a person for effective professional activity is considered from the point of view of two main approaches to the study of this phenomenon: functional and personal, the types of readiness of specialists for professional work are described, the work on studying the state of readiness for activity in extreme situations, to which the conflict belongs, is analyzed. Specific features of military-professional activity are disclosed. The analyzed approaches made it possible to put forward the assumption that within the framework of the functional-personal approach, the integrating education that allows to achieve the functionalism of the activities of a military specialist in a conflictogenic professional environment is the self-determination of the future officer. The essence and content of the concept of “self-determination” depending on the sphere of social sciences and humanities are considered. The analysis of approaches to determining the essence of readiness for activity and the phenomenon of self-determination associated with it allows us to conclude that the readiness of a military specialist for functional activity in a conflictogenic professional environment is his ability to self-determination of the optimal way of interaction with the elements (factors) of the surrounding professional environment (personal and impersonal) in a conflict situation on the basis of the formed system of values orientations, awareness of one's own role in the process of its constructive resolution and subjective assessment of their capabilities in correlation with the difficulties encountered in achieving the goal of professional activity.
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Статья научная
The article discusses the role of transdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, multidisciplinary approach in translators' training. The paper provides an overview of this cluster of terms, underlining, on the one hand, their problematic ambiguity and, on the other, their conceptual similarity - a better match either between a professional environment and academia or borrowing from (lending to) the knowledge and skills from different disciplines to solve a problem. The paper dwells on the educational potential of transdisciplinary education and the direction it has taken in recent decades. The authors claim the academic translator training can benefit from a suchlike approach. The transdisciplinary / cross-disciplinary project is outlined as the way by which a better practice-oriented and practice-based cumulative knowledge and learning can be formed. Specifically, the paper focuses on some academic translator projects aimed at students' dealing with audiovisual translation of video, infographics and multimedia resources for academic purposes and international events support. The paper illustrates how these projects can be implemented. The authors have stepped up their efforts towards including more transdisciplinary / cross-disciplinary / multidisciplinary projects in their curricula to show how the constructive correlations between educational and professional environment can be built providing more practice-focused knowledge and skills integration for students.
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Статья обзорная
The article is devoted to considering “church construction” on the territory of Kostanay city, which broadly speaking includes building of churches, church government, and administrative organization. The investigations have led to a conclusion that the main factors contributing to soaring church construction in rapidly growing Kostanay city on the cusp of 19th and 20th centuries were active migration processes resulting in movement of significant number of orthodox people from European part of Russia, as well as development of missionary activities among native population. On the basis of photographic documents, the authors have characterized orthodox temple architecture, as well as subdivided churches according to “institutional principle”, composition and spatial dynamics, and style of space-planning decisions. It was found that a greater number of churches in Kostanay were the parish ones, prayer halls of temples had a single or five-domed top, the following architectural styles were distinguished in the temple construction: eclecticism, elements and techniques of provincial Baroque and classicism, national Russian style combined with the techniques of the “brick” style. Within church construction, the government was tasked with designing living environment in general, rather than religious buildings. The urban realm balanced all aspects of confessional life, included its physical, functional_ pragmatic, social, as well as emotional and artistic parameters. After Orthodox temples were built and given certain functions, there were changes in the social structure of the society, the parish was growing, the number of priests was increasing, which led to changes in the urban realm. The environment is connected with the main elements of the urban system, having stability and variability, respectively, which resulted in a set of individual and collective creative acts. The Russian Orthodox Church had a great influence on education and the moral state of urban dwellers. A network of parochial schools was formed at each church and each temple. Such schools pursued not only educational, but also missionary goals.
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Статья научная
The purpose of this study was to study the influence of the variability of weather and heliophysical factors on the appeal to the “Ambulance” service for different groups of nosologies in the population of the Russian North. Information about calls to the emergency medical service of Khanty-Mansiysk was obtained from the database of calls for the period from 2001 to 2021 by disease classes (ICD-10). To assess the dynamics of weather factors, data from the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information and materials from the weather station of Khanty-Mansiysk were used. The dynamics of air temperature; barometric pressure; relative humidity; baric trend; maximum wind speed; weight oxygen content in the air are analyzed. Data on the relative daily number of sunspots are obtained from the materials of the Royal Observatory of Belgium. The average daily values of the level of planetary geomagnetic activity, expressed by the Ap index, are copied from the website of the National Center for Geophysical Data of the USA (Boulder). Mathematical processing was carried out using wavelet analysis. The graph of temperature fluctuations for the period from 2001 to 2021 shows a significant circadian cyclicity and a semi-annual rhythm with a high level of trend. Significant rhythms of barometric pressure with a period of 5 years, 1 year and rhythms close to semi-annual, seasonal and near-monthly are observed. Humidity changes significantly in the circadian and intra-annual rhythms. The baric tendency has significant rhythms: 3 years, 1 year, 6, 3, 2 months. Changes in the maximum wind speed do not have a circadian rhythm, but intra-annual monthly variations are observed. The value of the weight oxygen content has circadian; two-year, five-year; two- and near-monthly rhythms. The relative number of sunspots (W) for the period from 2001 to 2021 is characterized by a five-, two-year and circadian rhythm. When considering the variations of the number W for the period from 1818 to 2017, in addition to the classic eleven-year, annual and near-monthly, rhythms with a period of 42.5 years, 18.1 years and 2.1 years are found. The index of planetary geomagnetic activity (Ar) has a rhythm with a period of 4 years, two-year and near-annual. The significance of all rhythms is p=0.001. When analyzing fluctuations in geomagnetic activity from 1932 to 2016, long-term rhythms are added: 35.00 years; 16.06 years; 10.88 years; semi-annual and three-month rhythms. Despite numerous hypotheses of the search for cosmobiological harmony in the form of “evolutionary synchronisms”, “rhythmic cascades”, “golden section”, the problem of the interaction of exogenous natural rhythms and endogenous rhythms of the human body remains largely unresolved. Comparison of the results of various studies is difficult due to methodological and mathematical approaches. With observation periods of 100-200 years or more, a long-period component is monitored, and in clinical studies (from a day to a week), short-period components are detected. Changing the background in the form of helioclimatic and social variations also does not add accuracy. The use of various methods of time series analysis involves obtaining information of different resolution levels (Fourier transform, SWANN, wavelet analysis). Nevertheless, the results obtained track the classical rhythms of solar and geomagnetic activity with periods of about eleven years, a year and a month. There is also a 35-year-old rhythm, a 42.5-year-old rhythm close to the 44.16-year rhythm identified by Bezrukova A.Ya., at 18.1 years (long-period components of the lunar tide) and other intra-annual rhythms with periods from two weeks to 9 months. The effect of helioclimatic factors on human health indicates the absence of constant coherence (in our case, the consistency of these processes over time, manifested when they are combined), due to the presence of a large number of mega- and mesorhythms, which is manifested by amplitude and phase desynchronization of heliogeophysical indicators and health status.
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Would-be specialists’ vocational training within the course “English for academic mobility”
Статья научная
This article addresses the issues of would-be specialists’ vocational training within the course “English for Academic Mobility”. The course is an important part of lifelong leaning vocational training, which is supposed to provide training for modern specialists who are ready to fulfil their potential and build up their learning curve utilizing up-to-date information, advanced technological platforms and company resources. The authors emphasize that, despite the current world situation, higher education institutions of Russia continue to implement programmes within the framework of international cooperation, and are also looking for new opportunities and directions for academic and scientific partnerships. Thus, academic mobility being a key aspect of any educational organisation activities has not lost its ground under the current circumstances. The article illustrates the implementation of the “English for Academic Mobility” course aiming at preparing the Nizhnevartovsk State University students (would-be specialists) for successful participation in both international academic mobility programmes and competitive labour market in future. The article provides a description of the course developed by the teachers of Nizhnevartovsk State University and defines its importance as one of the links in the professional training of NVSU students in the framework of continuing education.
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XX Всемирный конгресс Международной федерации переводчиков
Статья научная
Обзор материалов XX всемирного конгресса международной федерации переводчиков «Человек или машина: дилемма перевода - будущее устных и письменных переводчиков и терминологов», состоявшегося в Берлинском Свободном университете (г. Берлин, 4-6 августа 2014 г.)
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Статья научная
В статье дан анализ стратегии поисково-разведочных работ на территории Ханты-Мансийского национального округа в 1950-е гг., накануне эпохи «великих геологических открытий». Выявлены факторы, определившие длительную локализацию нефтяного поиска на периферии Западно-Сибирской низменности, в Сибирском Приуралье, после открытия здесь Березовского газового (1953 г.) и Шаимского нефтяного (1960 г.) месторождений. Показано, как это повлияло на финансирование и объемы работ экспедиций Среднего Приобья, что, в итоге, задержало открытие Западно-Сибирской нефтегазоносной провинции. Данные, приведенные в статье, подтверждают, что в отличие от Тюменского геологического управления, которое медлило с выходом в этот район, новосибирские геологи интенсифицировали нефтепоисковые работы в Широтном Приобье и, в значительной мере, подготовили открытие Мегионского и Усть-Балыкского месторождений.
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Статья научная
Статья посвящена анализу истоков и содержания инициированной германским рейхсканцлером в 1870-е гг. политики «культуркампфа». «Борьба за культуру» сыграла решающую роль не только в становлении партии «Центр» как одной из наиболее влиятельных политических партий рейхстага второй половины XIX в., но и в истории Германии в целом. Политическая направленность первого германского рейхсканцлера в сторону сильного светского государства, контролирующего и ограничивающего церковные структуры, первоначально шла на пользу объединенной в 1871 г. империи и соответствовала веяниям времени. Но проводимые рейхсканцлером жесткие ограничительные законы привели к полицейскому произволу и ущемлению католического населения Германской империи. Автор выявляет основные причины, приведшие к гонениям и репрессиям католического меньшинства Германской империи. В тесной взаимосвязи с изучаемой темой рассматриваются проблемы объединения Германской империи, партикуляризма, федерализма, ультрамонтанства и конфессиональных конфликтов. Исследование базируется на трудах российских и немецких исследователей и на законодательных актах Пруссии и Германской империи. Кроме того, были привлечены представленные в стенографических отчетах рейхстага материалы парламентских прений и извлечения из мемуаров современников событий.
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Статья научная
В статье на примере анализа публикаций в «Тобольских епархиальных ведомостях» рассматривается возможность использования периодического печатного издания как источника по истории социального обеспечения и благотворительности Русской православной церкви в 1882-1905 гг. Отмечается, что вопросы благотворительности и социального обеспечения освещались в «Тобольских епархиальных ведомостях» в двух плоскостях: пропедевтический корпус и информационные материалы о жизни и деятельности епархиальных, приходских и корпоративных благотворительных организаций. Пропедевтический корпус актуализировал указанные направления деятельности епархиального руководства и духовенства посредством проповеди, объявлений и воззваний, в основном размещался в неофициальной части издания и был, зачастую, переполнен «эмоциональными высказываниями». Информационные материалы о жизни и деятельности епархиальных, приходских и корпоративных благотворительных организаций размещены в официальном отделе, имеют четкую структуру. Делается вывод об уникальности «Тобольских епархиальных ведомостей» как источника, содержащего широкий спектр разнообразной информации по истории социального обеспечения и благотворительности Русской православной церкви указанного периода.
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Статья научная
В статье рассматривается проблема ненадлежащего санитарного состояния английской столицы в XIV в. и попытки её решения, предпринимавшиеся официальными властями - королевской и муниципальной - в т. ч. на фоне эпидемии чумы. Основываясь на обращённых к лондонскому магистрату монарших распоряжениях и данных исследовательской литературы, автор выделяет и характеризует основные шаги коронной и городской администраций, направленные на исправление ситуации, рассматривая, в частности, историю создания двух новых кладбищ: Ист- и Вест-Смитфилдского и некоторые сопряжённые с ней спорные моменты, например, вопросы авторства проекта, его реализации и степени участия центральной власти. Также приводятся оценки численности и половозрастного состава захороненных здесь жертв «Чёрной смерти». В результате проделанной работы автор приходит к выводу, что, несмотря на очевидную значимость, вопрос запущенности санитарного состояния Лондона не получил комплексного решения в рассматриваемое столетие, поскольку приобретал актуальный характер лишь в случае достижения критически опасного уровня, когда в силу объективных причин не мог более игнорироваться. Этим же была обусловлена невозможность перерастания тех немногих предпринимавшихся мер в полноценную государственную политику. Вместе с тем, необходимость перемен в области муниципальной гигиены, обостряемая ситуацией эпидемии, способствовала активизации общественной инициативы, поддерживаемой либо непосредственно направляемой монархом. Таким образом, был придан новый импульс диалогу королевской и муниципальной властей в деле выработки и проведения единой санитарной политики. Помимо этого, обращение к рассматриваемой теме имеет важное практическое значение для реконструкции картины повседневной жизни средневекового города в условиях чрезвычайной ситуации и его подготовленности к подобного рода испытаниям, позволяя уточнить масштабы эпидемии «Чёрной смерти» в Лондоне.
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