Age features of the cognitive and affective status of Yakutia residents over 65 years

In recent years, there has been increased interest in cognitive disorders. There are many works on anxiety/depressive symptoms in the elderly, however, data on the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are still extremely limited, which determines the relevance of this study. Aim. the paper aims to study the age features of cognitive and emotional disorders in the elderly of Yakutia. Materials and methods. A psychodiagnostic assessment of 174 people aged from 65 to 100 years was carried out. The ethnic composition of the sample is represented mainly by yakuts (60.9 %). The assessment was based on MMSE and HADS scales. Respondents were divided into 3 age groups: 1 - from 65 to 74 years; 2 - from 75 to 89 years; 3 - from 90 to 100 years. Results: According to MMSE, the absence of cognitive impairment was noted in 13.2 %, predementia syndromes in 54%, mild dementia in 25.9 %, and moderate dementia in 6.9 %. The data obtained correlated with age and education. The smallest value of the median of cognitive function was noted in group 2. In groups 2 and 3, cognitive function in women was lower than in men. HADS scores for anxiety (47.1 %) and depression (57.4 %) were normal. Clinical anxiety was diagnosed in 10.9 % and depression in 7.5 % of the subjects. The rates of anxiety and depression were significantly higher among women. The values of the median anxiety in people aged from 65 to 89 years amounted to 8 points and decreased slightly as a result of longevity in people over 89 years. The highest incidence of clinical anxiety was recorded at the age of 75-89 years. A larger percentage of people with no signs of anxiety and depression was noted among adults over 90 years. Conclusion: A high prevalence of cognitive impairment was noted in people aged from 65 to 74 years from Yakutia. Significant cognitive and affective disorders were typical of people aged from 75 to 89 years.