Научные статьи \ Философия. Психология \ Психология \ Развитие и способности психики. Сравнительная психология

"Закон уменьшения отдачи" Спирмена: исследование на масштабных российских выборках

"Закон уменьшения отдачи" Спирмена: исследование на масштабных российских выборках

Автор: Сугоняев Константин Владимирович, Радченко Юрий Иванович

Журнал: Психология. Психофизиология @jpps-susu

Рубрика: Общая психология, психология личности, история психологии

Статья в выпуске: 1 т.11, 2018 года.

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Снижение уровня корреляций между тестами способностей в группах с более высоким уровнем интеллекта было открыто Ч. Спирменом в 20-е годы прошлого века и получило в современной психологической литературе обозначение «закон уменьшения отдачи» Спирмена (SLODR). Многочисленные попытки подтвердить данный феномен за рубежом дали противоречивые результаты. В России подобных исследований до настоящего времени не проводилось. На двух масштабных выборках численностью 11335 и 11934 человека, выполнявших одну и ту же батарею тестов способностей, и характеризующихся высокой гомогенностью, было подтверждено наличие эффектов, постулированных Спирменом. Использованная в исследовании технология анализа данных позволила исключить артефактное происхождение выявленных зависимостей. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что эффекты SLODR проявляют себя на уровне групповых факторов способностей и являются высоко воспроизводимыми. Предложены гипотезы относительно возможных причин отрицательных результатов, полученных некоторыми авторами, и рекомендации относительно возможных направлений будущих исследований.

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"закон уменьшения отдачи" спирмена (slodr), гипотеза дифференциации, общая когнитивная способность, фактор g, психометрические характеристики

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/147233024

IDR: 147233024   |   УДК: 159.923.35   |   DOI: 10.14529/psy180101

Spearman's law of diminishing returns: investigation on large-scales Russian samples

The reduction of average correlations among cognitive tests in groups of individuals of above-average IQ was invented by C. Spearman (1927) and now is known as Spearman’s “Law of Diminishing Returns” (SLODR). Although many studies also founded that inter-correlations between subtests decreased from low to high ability groups, several empirical investigations have challenged the SLODR. In Russia similar studies didn’t carry out by now. We investigated the presence of SLODR in large-scaled dataset consisted of sample of 11335 applicants for joining to military institutes (mean age 18.42±1.29 years). The subjects were tested with the same battery of 10 ability tests. SLODR was assessed (tested) by dividing the sample into low/high ability groups based on the total score. In order to account for criticism of Murray et. al. (2013), test scores in each half-sample were transformed to normalized stens separately to equate variability and minimize skewness. Our findings were fully consistent with SLODR-based predictions, thus refuting suggestions about artifactual genesis of this phenomenon. To cross-validate this result analysis was repeated on second analogous sample after exclusion of all applicants older than 19 years (N = 11934, mean age = 17.91±0.47). And again, all indexes accounted were consistent with SLODR. The results indicate that SLODR effects are emerged on the level of group ability factors, are quite reproducible and relatively independent from test’s g-loading and psychometric properties of their scores. Hypotheses are suggested to account for possible reasons of negative outcomes in some earlier studies.

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