Iron-deficiency anemia (review)

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common acquired disease caused by a decrease of iron content in the blood serum, bone marrow and depot, leading to a violation of the formation of hemoglobin and erythrocytes with the development of hypochromic anemia and tissue trophic disorders. This lecture gives general concepts of the biological role of iron, its kinetics and regulation in the body. The causes of iron deficiency, the main aspects of pathogenesis are presented in detail, as well as the modern classification of IDA. In the lecture are given a detailed description of the clinical picture with an emphasis on the symptoms of latent iron deficiency and anemia itself, as well as on diagnosis and differential diagnosis with other diseases accompanied by hypochromic anemia and sideropenic state. The issues of therapy with the use of drugs for enteral and parenteral administration are described in detail, the calculation of the required dose of iron depending on the level of hemoglobin is shown, and the issue of correcting anemia with the red blood transfusions is also considered. Particular attention is paid to preventive measures in certain categories of people at risk of developing IDA. The lecture is of interest to doctors of various specialties, including hematologists, transfusiologists, internists, pediatricians, surgeons, obstetricians, gynecologists, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, etc., who improve their qualifications, as well as for clinical residents, graduate students and students of medical universities.