A diachronic study of negative imperatives in Mongolic languages

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This paper investigates negative imperatives in Mongolic languages from a historical perspective. The distributions of negative imperative markers in Mongolic languages are compared, based on data drawn from corpora of texts from Middle to early Modern Mongolian, published field reports of Modern Mongolic languages, and our own field notes. Negative imperatives are mainly marked by a pre-verbal negator buu in Mongolian historical documents such as Secrete History of the Mongols, Altan Tobči, Erdeni-yin Tobčiya and Mongolian Laokida. In Modern Mongol proper, buu rarely appears and bitegei is used instead. However, buu is used in Dagur and several Mongol vernaculars spoken in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and Heilongjiang, where contacts and inter-actions among Mongolian and Sinic people are lively and the Mongolian spoken in that area contains abundant Chinese borrowings. Santa and Mongghul-Mangghuer, two Mongolic language located far from Eastern Inner Mongolia also uses buu. It is argued that buu in modern Mongolic languages is not a Chinese loanword but a retention of Middle Mongol buu.

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Negative imperative, prohibitive, Mongolic language, lexical borrowing, retention, innovation, conditional converb

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/148315843

IDR: 148315843   |   DOI: 10.18101/2305-459X-2020-4-8-22

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