Analysis of structure and geoeecological situation of North Fergana mountain landscape

Today, the world is focusing on such issues as the rational use of nature, environmental protection, the rapid elimination of environmental problems, as well as the production of high quality, environmentally friendly, competitive products for the world market through the development of agricultural culture. Increased human economic activity, such as irrational use of land and water resources, neglect of land reclamation, non-rotation of crops, and improper use of pastures, are leading to ecological imbalances. Intensive use of natural landscapes leads to the development of natural and anthropogenic processes in the environment, such as salinization, water erosion, landslides, landslides, suffocation, as well as man- made degradation, climate change, chemical pollution, soil and biotic factors degradation and other negative environmental processes. [4].

International organizations attach great importance to combating such unpleasant environmental problems in the world. One of the goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to "protect and restore terrestrial ecosystems, use them wisely, manage forests wisely, combat desertification, stop land degradation and prevent biodiversity loss."

Uzbekistan is also implementing a number of reforms to protect the environment and the environment, land reclamation, not to exceed the permissible levels of harmful emissions into the environment, and significant results are being achieved. Also, the scientific concept of environmental protection in the "Concept of Environmental Protection" of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period up to 2030, the Resolution No. 484 "On approval of the Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019-2028" important tasks have been identified.

This article, entitled "The importance of studying the geo-ecological situation of the foothills of northern Fergana", is aimed at solving such pressing problems. In order to solve them, the study of mountain landscapes, the factors that create landscape and ecological problems and their elimination, the identification of changes in landscape and ecological conditions under anthropogenic influences are carried out. To do this, it is necessary to study and find solutions to the problems of optimizing the geo-ecological situation in the mountainous landscapes of North Fergana, to conduct mapping at various scales, to optimize the ecological optimization of mountain landscapes, to study their structure, to assess the development of various sectors of the economy. Scientific conclusions and developed measures should be recommended for the implementation of guidelines for the effective use of nature in the region on a scientific basis. [1].

The landscapes of the Namangan region, the generality and integrity of the landscape components, in accordance with the law, have broad or narrow taxonomic units (tract, facies, etc.), such as semi-desert, steppe, mountain and hill landscapes. Landscape components are the habitats of all living things, and when we talk about protecting them, we mean, first of all, keeping its elements as clean as possible, preventing disturbances in its balance, preserving the natural beauty of nature. The First President of the Republic I.A. Karimov said: “The basis of the whole important issue of agricultural policy is the issue of land ownership. The land is the main wealth of our country. He eats, drinks, and creates the basic conditions for living. Therefore, the future of our country, the future of the people of Uzbekistan will largely depend on how land relations are organized.” Therefore, while we use the components of the landscape (climate, soil, flora and fauna, rocks, air, agricultural areas, groundwater and surface water), we also have a scientific and practical approach to ways to restore them. necessary.

Landscape shell protection can be done in a variety of ways. The most important of them are: the creation of nature reserves and national parks for the preservation of typical places of nature, the transformation of some natural objects and public parks into custom-made, magnificent natural objects (waterfalls, caves, rocks, taking into account old trees, ravines, springs, etc.), recultivation of anthropogenic landscapes, etc.

Ecological optimization of mountain landscapes based on the principles and approaches of rational use of nature, study of structure, study of landscape complexes as a separate category of landscape sphere, determination of ameliorative status, geo-ecological zoning, optimization of existing geo-ecological conditions and ecological landscape of North Fergana mountain. based on the specificity of the area and the nature of the functional integrity.

In our country, a number of measures are being taken to assess the natural conditions, use the natural resource potential of the regions on a scientific basis in the field of ecology and environmental protection, improve land reclamation, combat their salinization and desertification.

In this regard, the study of the differentiation of the northern Fergana mountainous landscapes as a whole, the creation of geo-ecological maps of mountainous landscapes and the laws of transformation, the assessment of the geo- ecological situation and the development of measures to optimize the ecological situation through geo-ecological zoning exit work is performed [3].

Many scientific works on the study of geoecological situations in the country are found in the works of foreign and CIS scientists, as well as a number of geographers and geoecologists of our country. Their research focuses on the geo-ecological situation of the regions, the factors that aggravate the geo-ecological situation, soil, water, air pollution, desertification, ecology and human health, climate change, "anthropogenic burden", a comprehensive and systematic approach to environmental studies. [1].

However, previous studies have shown that the structure, assessment and geo-ecological condition of the foothills of northern Fergana have not been studied or studied separately. This requires issues such as the structure, differentiation, assessment and geo-ecological zoning of mountain landscapes. As a whole, it is necessary to assess the geo-ecological situation of the Northern Fergana mountainous region as a whole, to carry out zoning and develop optimization measures in terms of taking into account the geo-ecological situation.

To do this, the following tasks:

study and analysis of scientific sources, cartographic materials and space images on the formation, differentiation, geo-ecological situation and its assessment of mountain landscapes as a separate geosystem;

study of natural and anthropogenic factors that shape and develop mountain landscapes as a separate structure;

differentiation of mountain landscape complexes and their geo-ecological assessment;

Creation of various scale landscape and geo-ecological, ecological assessment maps of the northern Fergana mountainous region through modern programs and GAT technologies;

Zoning should be based on an assessment of the geo-ecological situation in the foothills of the northern Fergana region, as well as the preparation of scientific and practical proposals and recommendations for the development of measures to optimize the geo-ecological situation in them.

It is also possible to protect the landscape and its elements in various forms: including the protection of the natural state of the landscape and the attractions of the landscape. In particular, the importance of nature reserves in the protection of all elements of the landscape, as nature reserves are a benchmark of nature and play the following role in the protection of nature in the region. A sample of a particular part of the region or of all the elements of the geographical nature will naturally be preserved for future generations. At the same time, laws, decrees and resolutions on nature protection have been adopted, and even textbooks have been created in general secondary education, secondary special and higher education institutions.