The anthropological turn in medicine: conceptual paradigm of bioethics

Present paper focuses on the conceptual challenges of bioethics as it continues to develop its theoretical foundations in line with the anthropological turn in modern medicine. Bioethics as an interdisciplinary field includes, on the one hand, the field of ethics with its value variability and pluralism and, on the other hand, the dynamically developing field of biomedicine. The law serves as a mediator of their interaction, whose task is to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual and his or her basic existential values. Despite all the polymorphism of bioethical discourse since the emergence of bioethics as a specific scientific field, scholars have attempted to identify a universal conceptual philosophical approach that can unify these basic anthropological foundations, meeting modern legal requirements for the observance of individual rights and freedoms. Initially, this approach was the principlism of T. Beauchamp and J. Childress. Modern research shows that for more than forty years, principlism has still been the most popular and relevant bioethical concept that postulates respect for the moral dignity of each individual.