Current practice in cardiac anesthesia: challenges and opportunities

Cardiac surgery has experienced a steady evolution and rapid development since it entered the practice in the 1950s. cardiopulmonary bypass, in the 1960s. artificial heart valves, etc. At the same time, advances in anesthetic management, postoperative management, decreased physiology of pulmonary circulation, hypothermia, and circulatory arrest enable surgeons to operate on more and more powerful defects and pathologies. An enhanced anesthesiological, surgical program capable of providing reliable and high-quality treatment of common cardiac pathology along with complex interventions such as root aortic surgery, complex combined congenital heart disease, heart transplant requires a highly specialized, dedicated team. The authors consider various aspects of the development and improvement of cardio-anesthetic regression based on the experience of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Each of the subgoals and the overall goal leads to a major improvement in the quality of patient care.