Eusocial and solitary vespoid wasps ( Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Mongolia

Eusocial and solitary vespoid wasps (Vespidea) is one of the biggest family of Hymenoptera. Very different classifications have been proposed for Vespidae historically. [4] divided the superfamily

Vespoidea into three families as Masaridae, Eumenidae and Vespidae. The third family Vespidae was composed of three subfamilies Stenogastrinae, Polistinae and Vespinae. Some researchers follow this classification but [1] divided the family into six subfamilies, based on phylogenetic relationships, which is more widely followed nowadays. There are approximately 4984 species [5] corresponding these 6 subfamilies: Eumeninae, Euparaginae, Masarinae, Stenogastrinae, Polistinae, Vespinae. Mongolian vespoid wasp species are belonged into 3 subfamilies as Eumeninae, Polistinae, Vespinae.

Mongolian vespoid wasps studies have been started since I960 related to Mongolian -Russian and Mongolian - German joint expeditions and the species samples, which collected during these expeditions were identified by several researchers, were published in few papers [6; 7; 8]. In these papers potter wasp (Eumeninae) species mentioned like an independent family as Eumenidae and Kurzenko N. V. [8] listed 60 species of potter wasps in his paper. About the other two subfamilies J. Gusenleitner [7] stated 3 species of Vespinae, 2 species of Polistinae in the case of superfamily Vespoidea. Except for these studies there are not enough informations for Mongolian vespid wasps till now. For this reason summarizing species list of Mongolian vespid wasps is very important for now.

Materials and methods

Main part of the species samples were collected during the joint expedition of Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Science (MAS) and Buryate State University (Russia) in northern, central and southern part of Mongolia in 2011 and 2012. Therefore species samples which reserved in insect collection of Institute of Biology were identified and included in here. For the field sampling we applied Malaise traps, yellow traps and sweeping nets. Total 465 individuals were identified using binocular (7x70) model ST 0007050 and following publications N. V. Kurzenko [8, 9, 10] and V. I. Tobias [13]. For the complete species list we also used litretures related to Mongolian vespid wasp species.

Result

Total 92 species wich belonged into 24 genara of 3 subfamilies were represented (Table 1). From these, Gymnomerus laevipes (Shuckard, 1837), Eumenus transbaicalicus (Kurzenko, 1984), Odynerus spinipes (Linnaeus, 1758), Odynerus simillimus (F. Morawitz, 1867), Stenodynerus clypeopictus (Kostylev, 1940), Symmorphus angustatus (Zetterstedt, 1838), Ancistrocerus rufopictus (Meade-Waldo, 1915) were recorded first time for Mongolia and detailed informations were mentioned below.

Gymnomerus laevipes (Shuckard, 1837)

Study materials: 3f, 2$; Tuv province, NE 30km from Ulan-Bator, Uliastai river; Selenge province, Shaamar, 28.07.1978; Selenge province, Fruit station of Shaamar,. 08.07.1978; Khentii province, 8 km from Binder soum, Onon river, 03.07.1976

Global distribution; Russia: Far East, Siberia; Kazakstan, Turkey, Europe, North America.

Eumenus transbaicalicus (Kurzenko, 1984) Study materials: 3 ; Domod province, Khalh gol soum, Degee river, 29.07.2011; Domod province, Khalh gol soum, 28. 07.2011; Bulgan province, Rashaant soum, Eisen tasarhai, 12.07.2012

Global distribution; Russia: Buryatia

Odynerus spinipes (Linnaeus, 1758)

Study materials: 1: Khentii province, Batshireet soum, Barkh river, 21.07.2011.

Global distribution; Russia: Far East, Irkhutsk, Siberia, Central and northwest part of Europian part of Russia; Kazakhstan; Tajikistan;

Odynerus simillimus (F.Morawitz, 1867)

Study materials: 1: Khentii province, Batshireet soum, Barkh river, 21.07.2011

Global distribution; Russia: Yakutia, Irkhutsk, Siberia, Europian part of Russia, Kavkaz; Kazakhstan, Middle Asia;

Stenodynerus clypeopictus (Kostylev, 1940)

Study materials: 1: Bayankhongor province, Shinejinst soum, Ekhiin gol oasis 27.06.1979.

Global distribution; Russia: Khabarovsk, South Primorie, East Kavkaz; Japan; West Europe; Southeast Kazakhstan.

Symmorphus angustatus (Zetterstedt, 1838)

Study materials: 2ff Khentii province, Batshireet soum, Barkh river, 21.07.2011; Selenge province, Dulaankhaan soum, east 10km from soum center, 21.07.2011.

Global distribution; Russia: West Siberia; South Siberia, Magadan, Amur, Kamchatka, Primorie, Sakhalin, Chita, Irkhutsk, Kavkaz, Europian part of Russia; Northern Kazakhstan; Japan: Khonsu; Northern Korea; Northeastern China; Western Europe.

Ancistrocerus rufopictus (Meade-Waldo, 1915)

Study materials: 2_: : Arkhangai province, Khairkhan soum, soum center, 09-10.08.1978; Bayankhongor province, Zuun mod river, 03.07.1979.

Global distribution; Northern China.

Therefore new distribution points in Mongolia for 26 species were added. From these, 17 species are Eumeninae (not included in this paper), and 9 species are Polistinae and Vespinae described below with underlined.

P. nimpha (Christ, 1791)

Giordani-Soika,1970: 327- Tuv province, Zuunkharaa, Duuch mount; Choibalsan province, Bayan-Uul soum; Gusenleitner, 1991: 632-Tuv province, Jargalant.

Tuv province : Ulan-bator, Nalaikh district, Terelj, 1$, 08.14.2011 ; Bulgan province : Rashaant soum, Khugnukhan mountain, Uvgun temple, 3j, 06.09.2012; Uvurkhangai province : Burd soum, Shireet lake, 1 f, 20.09.2012; Umnugobi province : Khanbogd soum, Buuriin khuhuun zadgai spring, 1J, 19.08.2012.

Table 1

Subfamily	Genus	Species
Eumeninae	Allodynerus	A. mandschuricus Bluethgen
	Ancistrocerus	A. antilope Panz.,T. ichneumonideus kaszabi G.S., A. mongolicus Kost., A. nigricornis Curtis, A. oviventris hibernicus Bluethgen., A. parietum L., A. raddei Kost.. .1. scoticus Curtis, A. tenellus Kost., A. trifasciatus№AIet,A. hangaicus Kurzenko, A. rufopictus Meade-Waldo.
	Antepipona	A. varentzowi F. Mor., A. orbitalis balioni F. Mor.
	Celonites	C. kozlovi Kost.
	Discoelius	D. dufourii Lep., D. zonalis Panz.
	Eremodynerus	E. atrofasciatus F. Mor.
	Eumenes	E. coarctatusL.,E. coelestimontanus Kost., E. coronalus Vim/.. E. mediterraneus Kriechbaumer, E. mongolicus F. Mor, E. pedunculatus Panz., E. septentrionalis G. S., E. jarkandensis Bltithgen, E. tripunctatus Christ., E. papillarius papillarius Christ., E. transbaicalicus Kurzenko.
	Euodynerus	E. caspicus F. Mor., E. curictensis Bluethgen, E. dantici Rossi, E. rufinus Bluethgen, E. notatuspubescens Thom., E. quadrifasciatus F.
	Eustenancistrocerus	E. askhabadensis Radoszkowski
	Gymnomerus	G. laevipes Shuckard
	Ischnogasteroides	Is. picteti tenius F. Mor.
	Katamenes	K. tauricus tauricus Sauss., K. radoszkovskii Bluethgen
	Odynerus	O. alpinus Schulthess, O. cuneiformis Kost., O. simillimus F. Mor., O. spinipes L.
	Onychopterocheilus	O. pallasii Klug, O. eckloni F. Mor.
	Parodontodynerus	P. ephippium laudatus Kost.
	Pseudepipona	P. augusta F. Mor, P. herrichii mongolica G.S., P. kozhevnikovi Kost, P. przewalskyi F. Mor., P. herzi kozlovi Kost.
	Pterocheilus	P. uralensis¥jaA.,P. dementievi Kost., P. napalkoviKwzenko,P. hebtneri Kost, P. kiritshenkoi Kost., P. mandibularis F. Mor, P. phaleratus kaszabi G.S., P. quaesitus F. Mor, P. sibiricus F. Mor., P. turovi Kost, P. auriantius Kost.,
	Stenancistrocerus	S. transcaspius Kost.
	Stenodynerus	S. punctifrons Thom. S. kaszabi G.S., S. nudus F. Mor., S. pullus Gusen., S. orenburgensis Andre., S. clypeopictus Kost.
	Symmorphus	S. crassicornis crassicornis Panz., S. bifasciatus L., S.fuscipes H.-Sch., S. angustatus Zett.
Polistinae	Polistes	P. chinensis F., P. biglumis L., P. riparius Sk.Yamane et S.Yamane, P. nimpha Christ., P. dominulus Christ, P. gallicus L.
Vespinae	Vespa	V. crabro L.,
	Vespula	V. austriaca Panz., V. rufa L., К germanica F., К vulgaris L.,
	Dolichovespula	D. media Retz., D. adulterina Buysson, D. sylvestris Scop., D. norwegica F., D. saxonica F., D. intermedia Birula

Species list of Vespidae in Mongolia

P. riparius(SkN amane et S.Yamane, 1987) Kurzenko, 1995:282- Mongolia.

Umnugobi province : Khanbogd soum, Buuriin khukhiin zadgai spring, 3j, 19.08.2012; Bulgan province : Rashaant soum, Khugnukhan mountain, 10J, 06.09.2012; 5^, 19.08.2011; Tuv province : Erdenesant soum, Batkhan mountain, Dolitiin am, 13¹, 18.08.2011; Khentii province : Tsenkhermandal soum, Monostiin zoo,l$, 3j, 5$, 20.07.2011; Batshireet soum, Barkh river, 1 queen, 2j, 7. 23.07.2011; Dornod province : Khalkh gol soum, Degee river, 1J, 28.07.2011.

D. norwegica (Fabricius, 1781)\

Giordani-Soika,1970: 325- Tuv province: Ulan- bator, Bogd mountain, Nukhtiinam as a subspecies norwegica (Fabricius, 1781); Gusenleitner,1991: 632- Uvs province: Tarialan soum, Kharkhiraa mountain;

Uvurkhangai province : Burd soum, Ikh Mongol mountain, T$, 4$, 04.09.2012; Tuv province : Ulan-bator, Nalaikh district, Terelj, 2_:. 14.08.2011; Mungunmorit soum, Kherlen river, 1: Khentii province: Binder soum, 1$, 22.07.2011; Bulgan province : Khylganat, Ikh khailaastiin am, 1J, 28.07.1994.

D. saxonica (Fabricius, 1793)

Kurzenko, 1995:294- Mongolia.

Selenge province: Mandal soum, 1$, 26.07.2012; Tuv province: Ulan-bator, Nalaikh district; Terelj, 1 queen, 1J, 14 $ and 20 $ 14.08.2011; East 50km from Ulan-bator, 1$, 01.07.2004; Bulgan province: Khylganat, Ikh khailaastiin am, 4$, 28.07.1994; Khentii: Dadal soum, 1$, 24.07.2011; Uvurkhangai province: Burd soum, Ikh Mongol mountain, 1<$, 8 $, 04.09.2012.

D. sylvestris (Scopili,1763)

Giordani-Soika,1970: 325- Tuv province, Bayantsogt soum as a subspecies silvestris

Bulgan provice: Rashaant soum, Khugnukhan mountain, 1<$, 06.09.2012; Uvurkhangai province: Burd soum, Ikh Mongol soum, 2<$, 1$, 04.09.2012; Khentii province : Dadal soum, 1$, 24.07.2011; Batshireet Barkh river, 4 $, 21.07.2011; Tuv province: Ulanbator, National University of Mongolia 2^nd building, 1$, 05.06.2011; Ulanbator, Nalaikh district, Terelj, 1$, 14.08.2011; Ulanbator, Selbe river, 1$, 20.08.2011; Erdenesant soum, Batkhan mountain, Dolitiin am, 1$, 18.08.2011.

D. media (Retzius, 1783)

Kurzenko, 1995:292- Mongolia.

Khentii : Dadal, 2$, 23.07.2011.

V germanica (Fabricius, 1793)

Gusenleitner, 1991:632- Uvs province, Tarialan soum, Kharkhiraa mountain.

Bulgan: Rashaant soum, Elsentasarkhai, 2$, 06.09.2012; 1$, 04.07.2012; 1$, 07.08.2012; Rashaant soum, Takhilt nuur, 1$, 22.07.2012; Uvurkhangai province: Burd soum, Ikh Mongol soum 3($, 9$, 20.09.2012; 1$, 27.07.2012; 2<$, 3 8$, 04.09.2012; 1$, 13.07.2012; 1J, 7$, 20.09.2012; Domod province: Bayanuul soum, Onon river, 1$, 15.07.2012; Zavkhan province: Tes soum, north 20km from soum center, 1$, 05.07.2005.

Tuv province : Ulanbator, National University of Mongolia 2^nd building, 2$, 02.06.2011; Khentii : Dadal soum, Barkh river, 1$, 21.07.2011.

V rufa (Linnaeus, 175 8)

Giordani-Soika,1970: 326 - Tuv province, Bogd mountain, Zaisan as a Paravespula rufa schrenekii (Rad. 1861)

Bulgan province : Rashaant soum, Khugnukhan mountain, 1$, 06.09.2012; Domod province : Khalkhgol soum, Numrag gol, 1$, 10.07.1976.

V vulgaris ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Giordani-Soika,1970 :326-Tuv province: Ulanbator, Songino.

Uvurkhangai : Burd soum, Ikh Mongol mountain, 5$, 04.09.2012; 2$, 06.09.2012; 2<$, 20.09.2012; Bulgan province : Rashaant soum, Khugnukhan mountain, 4 $,   06.09.2012; Tuv province :

Ulanbator, Tuul river, 2$, 10.06.2004; East 50km from Ulanbator, 1$, 01.07.2004.

Conclusion

We listed 92 species of 24 genera which belonged into 3 subfamilies (Vespinae, Polistinae, Eumeninae) in Mongolia. From these 7 species were recorded first for Mongolia. Distribution informations of 26 species were updated by new points and here of 9 species' described in this paper which represented subfamilies Vespinae and Polistinae.

This list is not complete, in the future it may be extended with new species.