Европейская программа Erasmus: основные этапы и итоги развития (1987-2017)
Автор: Богатырева Ольга Николаевна, Лескина Наталья Владимировна
Журнал: Научный диалог @nauka-dialog
Рубрика: Исторические науки и археология
Статья в выпуске: 1 (73), 2018 года.
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Статья посвящена эволюции флагманской образовательной программы Европейского Союза ERASMUS и ее влиянию на европеизацию высшего образования. Рассматриваются вопросы развития академической мобильности и программ обмена, совместных образовательных программ, а также транснациональных университетских сетей. Особое внимание уделяется анализу исторического контекста и причин ее формирования, основным этапам развития, а также влиянию, которое она оказала на европейскую интеграцию в сфере высшего образования. Выделены основные этапы развития программы ERASMUS, показано их содержание и особенности трансформации программы. Авторы приходят к выводу, что, хотя первые оценки программы относительно ее вклада в развитие европейской идентичности и карьерных перспектив выпускников были немного завышены, в конечном итоге она способствовала сотрудничеству между университетами и укреплению транснационального академического сообщества, которое было заинтересовано в дальнейшем расширении наднационального регулирования и способствовало закреплению полномочий ЕС в данной сфере. Отмечается, что она стала площадкой для апробации инструментов сотрудничества, которые впоследствии были закреплены в положениях Болонской декларации. Подчеркивается, что именно программа ERASMUS стала одним из источников финансирования Болонских реформ.
Европеизация высшего образования, мобильность, молодежь, европейский союз, болонский процесс
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14956897
IDR: 14956897 | УДК: 327.7(091) | DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2018-1-124-136
European Erasmus programme: main stages and results of development (1987-2017)
The article is devoted to the evolution of the flagship educational programmes of the European Union ERASMUS and its impact on the Europeanization of higher education. The development of academic mobility and exchange programmes, joint educational programmes, as well as transnational University networks are discussed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the historical context and the reasons for its formation, main stages of development and the impact it has had on European integration in higher education. The basic stages of development of the ERASMUS programme are considered, their contents and features of the transformation of the programme are shown. The authors come to the conclusion that, although the first evaluation of the programme considering its contribution to the development of European identity and career prospects of graduates was a little high, it finally contributed to the cooperation between universities and to strengthening of transnational academic community, which was interested in further expansion of supranational regulation and contributed to the strengthening of the powers of the EU in this field. It is noted that it has become a platform for testing collaborative tools, which were later enshrined in the provisions of the Bologna Declaration. It is underlined that the ERASMUS programme has become one of the sources of funding for the Bologna reforms.
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