Characteristics of the Ayrshire Productive Indicators by Regions, Republics and Districts of the Russian Federation

The characteristics of the modern Ayrshire cattle breed in the Russian Federation by districts, republics and regions make it possible to identify the level of productivity of cows, taking into account the breeding status, which determines the relevance and novelty of the research. The research was carried out using grouping, sampling, and comparing indicators in graphic form based on statistical data as of January 1st, 2024 from the Yearbook on breeding work in dairy farming in the Russian Federation. The Northwestern Federal District is identified as the main breeding area of the Ayrshire breed.It includes 20,380 cows; in particular 54.9% are there in stud farms and 24.4% in pedigree breeding units. The district includes three regions: the Leningrad Region (50.2% of cows), the Vologda Region (16.6%), and the Novgorod one (4.5%), and two republics: the Republic of Karelia (23.8%) and the Komi Republic (4.5%). The leaders in milk yield, mass fraction of fat, and mass fraction of protein by stud farms are the Republic of Karelia with 9,258 kg of milk; the Leningrad Region with milk yield of 8,858 kg, fat mass fraction of 4.27%, and protein mass fraction of 3.48%; the Vologda Region with milk yield of 8,118 kg, fat mass fraction of 4.21%, and protein mass fraction of 3.39%. There are 3,910 cows in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation, including 44.1% in stud farms and 42.5% in pedigree breeding units. The largest number of cows (1,300 heads) is concentrated in the Moscow Region: 1,000 heads in the Tula Region, 920 heads in the Belgorod Region, and 250 heads in the Yaroslavl Region. The highest milk yield (9,232 kg) was obtained at the stud farm of the Tula Region. The average milk yield in other regions is in the range of 7,589-7,769 kg. In terms of fat mass fraction, the Moscow Region leads with 4.30% and the Yaroslavl Region with 4.25%. In the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation, the Ayrshire breed accounts for 4,760 cows, including 44.1% in stud farms and 42.5% in pedigree breeding units. The main number of cows is concentrated in the Krasnodar Territory with 3,310 heads (69.5%) and the high milk yield (7,882 kg) was obtained in the pedigree breeding unit. The Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation includes 3,510 cows, of which 45.9% belong to the Kirov Region, 35.0% to the Samara Region, and 7.1% to the Republic of Bashkortostan. The ratio of breeding status was 33.5% (stud farm) and 57.0% (pedigree breeding unit). In terms of milk productivity, the Kirov Region occupies a leading position with 8,772 kg, fat mass fraction of 4.43%, and protein mass fraction of 3.60%. Inconsistently, breeding farms with high milk productivity rates of Ayrshire cows have developed in each federal district.