Human factor as main idea of management

The present day it is important and necessary to learn the experience of foreign countries and different aspects of problem for independent Uzbekistan.

It should be noted that human relation, that is human factor is one of the most important peculiarity in American management. According to the results of the researches were spent by fund of Carnegie and then Technology Institute of Carnegie, calling leader`s attention to human factor is 85 % of finance success, the rest of 15 % is achieved successes through technique and technology [1, 20]. John Rockefeller said that having aptitude to talk to workers as a main factor in a company is so important like buying products (for example, sugar and coffee). Continuing explaining his opinion, he said he was ready to pay high price to have that aptitude. Mary Kay also said a leader should talk to his workers like they expect from him and this is one way to achieve success in business. Manager Li Akaka saved the firm “Ford” from bankruptcy at the beginning of 80-th and considered one of companies` hero said that not having a good team who may trust, a company never develops though a leader has the factors like product and profit, because persons are foremost. T. Peter and R. Waterman advised to leaders to appreciate the people taken on work and take care of them. He also said not to direct your attention to finances and introducing automation into the production than workers. G. Ford II also said in one of his speeches he was sure if we could decide problems bound up with persons, we would achieve successes.

Referring to a person as a main factor in a corporation is so important, the American sociologist and psychologist George Elton Mayo worked up a doctrine about human relations in an enterprise. Paying attention to the workers in an enterprise was a main idea of that doctrine. Because Elton Mayo realized that psychological and social factors in an enterprise are more important than other ones. As he said if the social and psychological demands in a person were satisfied, a worker would work hard at his work. Several experiments were spent by Elton Mayo to find out the causes of alienation in the workers and to decide the questions about labor capacity and productivity of labor in the enterprises. Those experiments had been spent in several enterprises of “Western Electric” company during 1892-1932. At first the experiments were spent to decide the questions about repayment and protection of labor. However raising the wage of workers in enterprises and improvement system of protection of labor didn`t bring to raise the productivity of labor. The experiments had been spent in six groups for 2,5 years and one important fact was found out by the experimenter that the workers produced 300 kinds of products though 2400 kinds of ones had to produce by them. Thus, the truth found out that the cause of labor content wasn`t getting high wage.

Dale Breckenridge Carnegie paid his attention to a person as a main factor in an enterprise wrote his work named “How to win friends and influence people” and he showed several trends in his book. What did those trends consist of? Dale Carnegie said that a leader didn`t criticize, interrogate and complain people.

Professor of Harvard University, the American sociologist F. Skinner proved to teach animals given for its good conduct was faster, easier and more effective. Then the spent researches proved that this peculiarity is also specific to persons. It seems, we won`t be able to attain positive changings when we criticize, interrogate and complain people. Really, criticizing persons is a danger process. For example, one of the famous English writers Tomas Horde declared of literature. Another English poet Tomas Chatterton made an attempt upon his life. So, American psychologists and businessmen said that criticism changes psychological condition to negative direction in a collective or a group of people. To the purpose, this condition won`t give a chance to raise the productivity of labor and will fall it. Finally, an enterprise will be bankrupted.

Dale Carnegie said in his work to admit our own mistakes before criticizing somebody and tell about it without hesitation [1, 21].. Criticism doesn`t give a chance to keep up workers` spirits and develop their aptitudes but praise contrarily does it. Psychologist Jess Lire said the sun is necessary for vegetable`s life. Praise is also important and necessary for a person`s psyche.

Thus, it is necessary to admit each of workers` productive labor and to praise them. A leader must be sincere, honest, generous and bounteous in praising his workers. It is the next of the trends said by Dale Carnegie.

Directing a leader`s attention to his workers` names – it is another trend said by Dale Carnegie in his work. Really, name is so important for a person. Psychologists said that hearing own name develops positive fillings and emotions in a person`s psyche and consciousness. Dale Carnegie also said that a name and a person are concepts which impossibly to be divided, because a name is a fellow traveler of a person in his whole life.

Dale Carnegie also said that understanding people is one of the secrets to achieve success. He said a leader shouldn`t tell about his problems to his workers. Talking about wishes of his workers is important for a leader. Keeping these trends will be brought to raise the productivity of labor in an enterprise, to keep up workers` spirits and improvement social-psychological climate in a collective.

So, drawing leader`s attention to a worker as a main factor in an enterprise is one of the important peculiarity in American management and it affects worker’s consciousness and psyche positive. Though there are many achievements in American management, we must take into consideration our national culture, national language, spiritual life, cultural heritage and conditions of life when we apply them to Uzbek management.

Summarizing we`d like to say that today it is very important to pay attention workers as a main factor for developing an enterprise. It is also necessary to appreciate, respect and trust them as a producer. That is, at present it is important and necessary to take into consideration human relations and human factor in organizing people in enterprises.