International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education @ijcrsee
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
Все статьи: 435
Features of social-perceptual properties of mathematically gifted students
Статья научная
The attention of modern society to intellectual potential makes the problem of studying mathematically gifted youth at the stage of self-determination in higher education relevant. Practical problems related to the psychological features of social adaptation of mathematically gifted youth require solving. The main goal of the research is to study the social and perceptual abilities of mathematically gifted students. The study sample consisted of 76 natural science students aged 17-23 years (M=19.8, SD=3.2 (58% men). The research methods were: testing (test of analytical mathematical abilities, test of the structure of intelligence (TSI) of R. Amthauer), expert assessment, survey (questionnaire of V. A. Krutetsky, questionnaires aimed at diagnosing socio-perceptual abilities), statistical methods. Self-assessment of intelligence, composite assessment, and some components of social intelligence and some components of empathy are significantly different. The ability of mathematical generalization and practical mathematical thinking have a greater number of relationships with social and perceptual properties. Here we found relationships not only with empathy, but also the ability to recognize verbal expression and the General ability to understand and manage their own and other people's emotions. The ability to operate images in two-dimensional space is related only to the level and components of emotional intelligence. According to the results of the study, the features of socio-perceptual properties of students with different levels of analytical mathematical abilities are described. The conclusions can be used in the development of a program of psychological support for this category of students.
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Features of the transition from the traditional to the criterial assessment in schools of Kazakhstan
Статья научная
This study discusses the features of the transition from the traditional assessment system to the criteria-based assessment in schools of Kazakhstan. The use of criterion assessment in schools in Kazakhstan contributes to the crowding out of traditional methods of assessment and leads to a new vision of the methods and technologies of the system for evaluating educational achievements. In connection with the modernization of Kazakhstan’s education, significant changes are occurring in the control and assessment activities of Kazakhstan schools, its goals, content, and technologies are changing. The problem of assessment activity is one of the most urgent problems both in pedagogical theory and in pedagogical practice. This study presents the results of empirical studies and the features of the transition to a new criteria-based assessment system for Kazakhstan. According to the results of the study, the problem of the need for professional training of future primary school teachers for the criteria-based assessment system was revealed. Results also showed that there are difficulties of applying criteria-based assessment in the practice of primary school teachers. The question of what professional knowledge, skills, and abilities an elementary school teacher must possess to successfully perform the monitoring and evaluation function was investigated. Particular attention is paid to the study of the influence of criteria-based assessment on learning motivation in primary school.
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Статья научная
Currently, a new interdisciplinary field of research - financial behaviour-is rapidly developing. Psychological characteristics of the subject of financial behaviour can have a significant impact on the decision-making process in this field. Cognitive style, as an individual way of processing the information perceived by the subject, is one of the factors determining such procedural features of financial decision-making as: the time spent on decision - making, the speed of decision-making, the emotional state of the individual during decision-making, the nature of perceptual information processing (especially oculomotor activity), as well as the type of decision strategy - rational, irrational or marginal.
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Flexible rationality as a cognitive model
Статья научная
The paper considers a flexible rationality as a new category of postnonclassical science that reveals the correlation of rational and irrational in cognition. As leading in the construction of a methodology for the cognitive modeling of the flexible rationality author selected cognitive-discursive and experiential approaches. "Cognitive matrix" of the cognizing subject is represented by the linguistic means (cognition, concept, category) - the linguistic form of the flexible rationality. Fulfilling the role of the cognitive "tools", the linguistic structures demonstrate the integrity of the perception and meaning system of the cognizing subject as onticaly holistic bearer of the flexible rationality in the unity of the anthropological and socio-cultural specifics.
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Статья обзорная
Human corporeality is directly related to the space of education, although education is interpreted as, first of all, an intellectual process of cultural heritage transmission. Nevertheless, the formation of student's physical body build is an important component of the state educational strategy. In accordance with the objectives and requirements of state and society there can be observed global changes in human corporeality within educational activities: the transformation of the body as a biological phenomenon into a socio-cultural phenomenon or “politically subjected body”. The authors use Michel Foucault's ideas as the methodological base of their study of a student's body transformation processes. Foucault's ideas suggest that power influences an individual and their authentic behavior through the disciplining of their body, that the aim of the new type of power - the bio-power - is to increase the productivity and efficiency of a human body in the conditions of capitalistic industrial production, and that school is a specific disciplinary area, which allows to meet governmental demand for a new method of control via the production of “obedient bodies”. The authors come to the conclusion that in the modern educational model, despite democratization and humanization processes Foucault's trends persist because education continues to be the part of the technocratic discourse. Modern school is a disciplinary space fenced off from the outside world, where there is a rigid hierarchy and a system of differences, physical drill, regulation, etc. All these are conditioned by the fact that school honors a governmental request for a technocratic person.
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Forms of movement in terms of elementary games at physical education classes
Статья научная
A sample of 60 respondents was drawn from the population of students of the third grade of primary school in Nis, aged nine ± 6 months, male, who attend regular physical education classes. Subsample of 30 respondents worked on speed and strength development through elementary games at additional physical education classes (experimental group), while the control group had only regular physical education classes defined by primary school curriculum. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of work on speed and strength development within the framework of extra physical education classes in the third grade. Tests for the assessment of speed implied six tests: running at 20, 40 and 60 meters, hand tapping, foot tapping and feet tapping on the wall; tests for the assessment of strength implied five tests: push-ups, back lifting, squats, trunk lifting on Swedish bench and trunk lifting for 30 seconds. For determining the effects multivariate analysis of covariance was applied. The results indicated statistically significant effect of the work on the experimental group in both motor dimensions.
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Статья научная
Modernity stands as a widely used term for social change as it involves modification in many forms in the society and the way people develop with different ideologies and movements. Standing on the other side of the traditional and historical, modernity brings new forms of development, communication and connectedness. In this paper, it would be discussed whether the globalization processes are leading to merge by the societies and raising a global modernity. Hence the influence of the West and the pilgrimages drawn from the other societies would be examined. Change is just an unavoidable part of the society seen as a reform, reaction or revolution. However, the historical processes of integration, innovation and development bring different questions and theories. In this paper, it would be referred on the integrative inclinations for merging societies, the understanding of modernity and globalization processes that emerge from the historical development and social change.
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Functions of participants in the collaborative solution of thinking problems
Статья научная
The article presents the results of an empirical study of the collaborative solution of thinking problems by groups of students. The study was conducted in the context of educational activities when students solve educational problems. The student group was divided into subgroups of four people; each subgroup was given a learning task. In accordance with the author’s ideas, collaborative thinking is carried out through the implementation of the following functions: generation, selection, meaning transfer, implementation. These functions are distributed among participants in collaborative problem solving. The purpose of the study was to study the distribution of functions when students collaboratively solve thinking problems. To study the distribution of functions, the author used a questionnaire to determine the distribution of functions between students. The author has shown that in the process of collaborative problem solving, functions are distributed among the participants. It is revealed that in the processes of collaborative solution of thinking tasks, each group of students has a unique combination of functions, which the author defines as the group’s thinking style.
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Gender-based differences in school-aged children’s divergent thinking
Отчет
This study examines whether the shortage of females in science and engineering is linked to possible gender-based differences in school-aged children’s divergent thinking. Divergent thinking is a direct measure of creativity and an important characteristic in science and engineering. A survey instrument designed to measure divergent thinking was administered to 8th and 11th graders in a mid-western United States school district. Results showed that there were no difference between girls and boys on the three measures of divergent thinking: fluency, flexibility, and originality. These results indicate little reason as to why participation in science and engineering is male dominated, and support the notion that additional exposure to science and engineering through divergent-thinking activities will provide girls with the self-knowledge that they are capable of solving open-ended problems and engineering tasks.
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Статья научная
The objective of our study was to investigate the genetic predictors of self-regulation and related characteristics indicative of a higher level of rational behavior control. The study 107 female participants aged between 22 and 52 years, with an average age of 33.5 years (Russian Federation). In order to measure level of self-regulation and other characteristics corresponding to a higher level of rational behavioral control the following psychological tests were employed: the “Differential Type of Reflection” questionnaire (Leontyev D.A.), the “Style of Self-Regulation of Behavior” questionnaire (Morosanova, Kholopova, 1995), and the Test of Life-Meaning Orientations (D.A. Leontyeva, 1988). Genotyping was use to examine polymorphisms of the COMT, DRD2 genes. Our findings demonstrate significant differences in the level of systemic reflection among carriers of different genotypes of the DRD2 and COMT genes. The highest level of systemic reflection in carriers of the CC genotype for the DRD2 gene and a heterozygous variant of the COMT gene suggests a balance between the elevated dopaminergic activity characteristic of the CC DRD2 genotype and moderate COMT activity, fostering optimal dopamine metabolism.
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Geography and environment-analysis of indicators of sustainable development of tourism
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Gnostic emotions of students in solving of thinking tasks
Статья научная
The paper presents the results of an empirical study of the emotional characteristics of students when solving thinking problems. The study used an experiment that simulates a students' collaborative solution to the puzzle-doing problem. To study emotional variables, we used the method of B.I. Dodonov for determination of the general emotional orientation. To investigate feelings experienced by students, we used the method of K. Isard. According to the authors, the following types of general emotional orientation (with decrease) are dominated among students: altruistic, communicative, and mixed types. All students showed the dominance of emotions of interest, joy and surprise under the decision processes, regardless of the emotional type of personality. It was revealed that under the processes of solving thinking problems, students with the dominance of various types of emotional orientation showed a different ratio of emotions. Four strategies of solving thinking problems were identified, which are characterized by the representation of various emotions.
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Handwriting as a means of communication and identity of each nation
Статья научная
The article presents the fundamental element of the identity of each nation, which appears to be handwriting. The basic structure of Czech handwriting is explained. The written form is presented as a part of literacy, or more precisely reading literacy. The article refers to the differences of joined-up linear handwriting, according to which handwriting is taught in the Czech Republic.
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High school students involved and not involved in MMORPG: creativity and innovativeness
Статья научная
The paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of involvement phenomenon in massively multiplayer online role-playing games among high school students. The characteristics of the virtual world are analyzed; its role in the life and activity of modern people is substantiated. The main features of the games that make them the most attractive to users and contribute to their active involvement in the game process are highlighted. The advantages of mass multiplayer online role-playing games are substantiated. On the basis of the theoretical analysis was formulated the aim of the study: to identify differences in the manifestations of innovativeness and creativity in high school students involved and not involved in MMORPG. Hypotheses about the existence of significant connections and differences in the manifestations of innovativeness and creativity in those involved and not involved in this type of games are formulated. The study involved 120 students of 10-11th forms and was based on the following methods: 1) questionnaire to assess the degree of enthusiasm in role-playing computer games; 2) questionnaire for the study of gaming activity, experience and gaming genre preferences of the individual; 3) self-assessment scale of personal innovative traits; 4) a multidimensional questionnaire “Innovativeness of a personality” - MQIP; 5) “Creativity” test. As a result of the study those involved in computer games are characterized by higher originality, imagination and creative thinking than their peers not playing massive multiplayer online role-playing games. The article presents a number of recommendations on the use of the plot potential of multiplayer online role-playing games for the development of high school students’ personality in modern teaching practice.
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How do first year university students use ICT in their leisure time and for learning purposes?
Статья научная
This study advances our understanding of the current use of social media and mobile devices by first year university students. This research sought to explore the influence of the use of social networks and new mobile devices by students for learning purposes. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire at four universities in three countries in Central Europe. The research was completed by a sample of 961 full-time first year undergraduate students. The data were analysed using descriptive statistic and confirmatory factor analysis. The findings show that students who intensively use ICT for leisure-related tasks are also experienced in ICT for learning purposes. Furthermore, the results showed differences in the use of ICTs according to four selected areas: ICT for leisure-time activities, social networking, ICT on mobile phones, and ICT for study purposes by students. Five well-differentiated clusters were identified by through cluster analysis, which we term the ‘mobile subgroup’, ‘educational subgroup’, ‘social subgroup’, ‘network subgroup’, and ‘entertaining subgroup’. Educators can benefit from the results through a more complete understanding of how first year university students use social networks and mobile devices and how intensity in these areas influences ICT use for learning purposes.
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Статья научная
The article examines the complex role and great responsibility of the education today in development of the moral strength and human values of the children and youth. At the beginning of the article the author reconsiders the pedagogical ideas of Maria Montessori and her concept of education for peace as an instrument for reconstruction of the society and for improvement of the human living. Than the analysis of the moral values in the contemporary society is made and several issues and dilemmas are discussed referring the value disorientation of the youth and the importance of the models of adult’s moral behavior in their search for personal identity. On the basis of this analysis, the human dimension of the education is elaborated enhancing the need for its understanding as support of development, which is based on several crucial elements: love, freedom and spirit of community.
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Identification of cognitive manipulations that have the greatest impact on students in the internet
Статья научная
The study puts an emphasis on exploring cognitive manipulations contained in the Internet resources (social networks and blogs) that have the greatest impact on students. The study was conducted with 159 students of Don State Technical University. 50 samples of media texts (of various formats) containing cognitive manipulation were taken from social networks sites and blogs. Focus group method, questionnaire, method of Critical Discourse Analysis and methods of mathematical statistics (Principal Component Analysis) were used for data collection and processing. The findings allow us to identify and describe the features of such cognitive manipulation as “presence effect”, “focus on pros”, “halo effect”, “emotional resonance”, “ambiguous language”, “anonymous authority”, “primacy effect”, “exaggeration” and identify the manipulations that have the greatest impact on students. Recommendations aimed at reduction of the impact of manipulative techniques were suggested. The results of the present study may help teachers and psychologists in their work.
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Identification of markers for models of meaning constructs
Статья научная
Strategies of meaning formation are included in the highest level of regulation of an individual life. The article presents the results of empirical determination of the polar meaning strategies marker. In the initial modeling of the meaning formation processes, two polar strategies are proposed: adaptive and developmental. The system of personal meanings occupies a central place in the structure of the personality and is correlated with its properties manifested in interactions. For an empirical description of polar strategies, we developed nine scales of personality properties according to the type of private semantic differential. In these bipolar semantic scales, we used words that denote personality traits that act as indicators of meaning. An empirical study was carried out with the use of various techniques for studying semantic regulation of a person to determine a marker that allows one to identify these meaning strategies. The battery of tests included: the author's private semantic differential, including nine scales of personality properties, “Test of life-sense orientations” (by D. A. Leontiev), test “Who Am I?” (by M. Kuhn), “Multiple intelligence test” (by G. Gardner), “Test of frustration tolerance” (by S. Rosenzweig), “Questionnaire of personality reflection” (by I. A. Stetsenko). An empirical sample (n = 145) found that a stable positive statistically significant correlation (p≤.05) exists only between the indicators of nine developed scales of personal properties and the indicator “Meaningfulness of life” in the “Test of life-sense orientations” by D.A. Leontiev. This indicator “Meaning-fulness of life” can be used as an indicator marker of polar strategies of meaning formation: adaptive and developmental. Its use contributes to a more effective study of the processes of meaning formation and reduces the laboriousness of diagnostic procedures.
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Статья научная
The research study deals with the issue of attitudes towards the use of ICT in the education of andragogy students. As a method of research, we chose a three-year experiment. The study first surveyed 224 students in andragogical fields - future educators - in order to discover input factors like identifying their relationship to ICT, skills, experience in the field of ICT and frequency of the use of ICT at work. The study further examines four separate variables, representing three dimensions of attitudes (cognitive, conative and emotional) towards the use of ICT in education - the conviction to use ICT in their teaching, the opinion on the impact of the use of ICT on the understanding of curriculum, the opinion on the impact of the use of ICT in teaching and education itself and the tendency to act to recommend the use of ICT in teaching to their colleagues. In the university teaching of students itself, using the didactic method of AIDA on a mathematical problem, the experimental group is the subject of a demonstration of the use of ICT in empirical verification of the results of the task, as opposed to a control group that does not use ICT in teaching. Specifically, the representation of results in MS Excel and the empirical verification of results in a Python-created program are used. The research aims to determine the impact of the demonstration of a one-off use of ICT in teaching on the change of dimensions of attitude towards the use of ICT in education represented by separated variables. Their rate is measured by a 10-point bipolar scale. The results show p value (p function show_abstract() { $('#abstract1').hide(); $('#abstract2').show(); $('#abstract_expand').hide(); }
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