International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education @ijcrsee
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
Все статьи: 494
Encouraging the motivation of students in primary school - a case study
Статья обзорная
The aim of the research is to examine the current practice of encouraging motivation for learning in the teaching process in the elementary school “Dr Boško Vrebalov” in Melenci from the perspective of teachers and students. The sample of students consisted of 22 teachers and 159 students. Two instruments, constructed in the form of a five-point Likert-type scale, were used in the research: the Instrument for Teachers and the Instrument for Students. The applied instruments collected data on the prevalence of procedures for stimulating students’ motivation to learn from the perspective of teachers and students. Also, the opinion of students on the motivational role of the observed procedures of the teaching process on the motivation to learn was examined. Motivational procedures included three segments: preparation and planning of the teaching process, activities of teachers during the teaching process and the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching. The results presented in this paper showed that all the observed procedures during the planning of teaching and learning, as well as the procedures related to the application of ICT, are very common in the teaching process. With minor deviations, there is agreement between teachers and students on their representation. The lowest prevalence and the greatest disagreement in the opinion of teachers and students concernen the application of ICT in teaching. Teachers notice that students use ICT to a lesser extent in teaching in relation to students’ opinions. The obtained results showed that students assigned a high motivational role to all examined procedures, which suggests that students should be more stimulated to use computers in teaching and extracurricular activities for educational purposes.
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Статья научная
This study investigated how the computational thinking competencies of students classified in the early childhood category can be developed through digital game-based learning. Computational thinking is a way of thinking that includes problem solving, algorithmic thinking and logical inference skills is considered an important competence that should be acquired at an early age. Digital game-based learning stands out as a powerful tool for developing computational thinking skills while providing a fun and motivating environment by ensuring the active participation of students. Within the scope of the research, the effects of digital game-based learning activities on students’ computational thinking skills were examined by experimental method, one of the quantitative research methods. In this study, a 4-week training activity was conducted for the experimental and control groups determined during the research process to develop computational thinking skills in 5-year-old pre-school children. The study group consists of 50 students in the 5-year-old age group studying in the pre-school class of a state institution. In the study, student groups were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental and control groups consisted of 25 students. The achievement test prepared for the cognitive domain was used as a pre-test and post-test as the data collection tool. In addition to this data collection tool, an evaluation rubric was also used in the study. The findings showed that digital game-based learning methods positively affect the development of computational thinking skills in early childhood. In light of these findings, recommendations were made in the study for the integration of digital games into relevant educational programs and the promotion of computational thinking at an early age.
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Enhancing Legally-Based E-Government Services in Education Through Artificial Intelligence
Статья научная
Through the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI), governments can automate the analysis of publicly available government datasets. This process aids in the recognition of patterns and the development of a more profound comprehension of various socio-economic factors and empowers governments to base their policy decisions on data, effectively tackling societal issues, and optimizing the allocation of resources. In this paper we present AI’s application in the realm of e-government, with particular emphasis on its potential influence on the advancement of this field through e-government services and their significance for a range of stakeholders. Moreover, we have conducted comprehensive review of existing literature on the subject and the identification of avenues for enhancement along with consideration of legislation as a potent instrument to guide the progression of AI within the sphere of e-government, thereby amplifying its transformative effect. We emphasize the importance of education in area of AI in order to ensure it’s high quality implementation in this and other areas.
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Enhancing teacher competencies with emotional and ethical capacity
Статья обзорная
A key element in contemporary qualifications frameworks is the specification of learning outcomes. The learning outcomes usually are described by the use of active verbs expressing knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation, etc. All this verbs describe a sphere of cognitive intelligence. But, rationality is only a part of the broad human potentials and powers. From there, affective components of learning can provide a valuable tool that helps teachers to enhance their competencies with emotional and ethical capacity. Those who have authority over others, such as the teachers, should be wary against the misuse of the power of their positions. For this reason, when we talk about the teachers’ competency standards, we must take into account the feelings, reflections, interactions and ethical attitudes in education. This paper focuses on the important emotional and ethical aspects of the relationships that teachers have with their students.
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Ethical aspects of science and technological innovations
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The progress of civilization depends on both science and ethics, on two different ideas. Unlike ethics, which deals with moral principles and ideals that guide human behavior, science is based on logical argumentation, empirical data, and methodical testing. However, as science develops, it often raises ethical questions that must be addressed. As a result, science and ethics are intertwined and both are essential for the moral and long-term advancement of science. This research examines the results of two interconnected processes: the quick development of science and technology and its moral ramifications, or the harm it does to people’s lives all around the world. The writers highlight the need for a qualitative shift in attitudes toward nature and society as a whole in order to address environmental challenges and remove the threat of a global ecological disaster by analyzing the substance and impact of these processes.
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Evaluation of anxiety control in school-age sports
Статья научная
Anxiety is the main manifestation of stress in competitive sport. This study evaluates anxiety control in school-age sport, according to gender, age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. The research follows a descriptive quantitative methodology, using a survey. The sample was composed of 816 young athletes aged between 12 and 18 (411 men and 405 women), who practise different individual and team sports in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The sample size was calculated taking several aspects into consideration: the population is infinite; the population variance was calculated according to the worst-case scenario where “P” and “Q” are equal with 50% each; and the confidence interval was 95.5%, with a margin of error of ± 3.5%. The questionnaire used was Psychological Characteristics related to Sports Performance (CPRD). The results show statistically significant differences in relation to gender, since men have greater anxiety control. No statistically significant differences appear in relation to age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. Likewise, correlations are evident with other relevant psychological dimensions such as motivation, influence of performance evaluation and mental ability, with the exception of team cohesion. Prevention measures should be implemented by coaches / educators, parents and young athletes, in order to strengthen their levels of self-confidence and simultaneously reduce the levels of anxiety generated in school-age sports.
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Статья обзорная
Education of children and adolescents with special needs due to health problems requires particular forms, conditions and assistance by pedagogues and psychologists. A psychological, medical and educational committee (PMEC) appoints a certain program of special education based on the complex evaluation of the psychic state and (dis)abilities of the child. In 2013, inclusion of children and adolescents with deviant behavior in the competence of PMEC became a new challenge for their traditional activities. Development of recommendations for special educational programs aiming at deviant behavior prevention differs greatly from their original tasks, requires comprehensive psychological evaluation, better psychodiagnostic skills and knowledge of various ways of subsequent work with children. The problems arising and ways of their solution are discussed in the article.
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Статья научная
The article explores the characteristics of evoked brain activity during food preference decisions, emphasizing the role of psychological and neurophysiological mechanisms. The relevance of studying eating behavior as a multifaceted phenomenon is highlighted, with attention to the cognitive, emotional, and physiological factors that influence food preferences. The study involved 40 participants (70% female). Psychological testing included the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Russian version by I.G. Malkina-Pykh, 2007), the Thought and Behavior Questionnaire (adapted by A.V. Anikina and T.A. Rebeko, 2009), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (Russian version, 2018), and the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (translated version of Kliemann, 2016). Neurophysiological data were collected using EEG tasks based on a Go/NoGo paradigm. Mathematical and statistical methods included the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, Student’s t-test, and k-means cluster analysis. The study revealed significant differences in brain activity between groups with varying psychological characteristics and levels of nutritional knowledge. These findings align with previous research, confirming the link between cognitive control, impulsivity, and food preferences. Enhanced activation in the temporo-occipital regions was observed in participants with higher nutritional awareness. The role of psychological traits was found to outweigh knowledge levels in shaping dysfunctional eating patterns, highlighting the need for individualized approaches in prevention and treatment. The limitations, including the sample size and absence of participants with clinical eating disorders, are discussed alongside recommendations for future research.
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Статья научная
The academic achievement of students can decrease if they fail to use mathematics study strategies well. This situation may lead to negative opinions and attitudes among students towards mathematics. In this study, it was aimed to examine the mathematics study strategies of students enrolled at secondary schools in terms of academic achievement and multiple variables. Relational survey method, one of the quantitative research methods, was used to obtain the data. The universe of the study consists of a total of 9,072 students in the 6th, 7th and 8th grades of secondary schools under the Secondary Education Office of the Ministry of National Education and Culture of Northern Cyprus during the 2019-2020 academic year. In the study, the simple random sampling method was used to include 1,012 students. In order to collect the research data, the mathematics study strategies of secondary school students were used; on the other hand, mathematics grades were employed to assess their academic achievement. As a result of the research, when the mathematics study strategies of secondary school students are examined, it is seen that their mathematics study strategies are at the medium level. In this study, a comparison of mathematics study strategies in terms of gender showed that the average score of female students for mathematics study strategies was higher compared to the males. It was also seen that students’ mathematics study strategy scores were similar regardless of whether they were attending extra-school study centres or preparatory schools, and students’ mathematics study strategies scores were similar regardless of whether they received private tutoring. Regardless of the grade levels of the students, we can also claim that their mathematics study strategies are at the medium level. Generally, it has been observed that secondary school students with high academic achievement use their mathematics study skills better than students with low academic achievement.
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Examining Multimodal Literacy Skills Among EMI Teachers in Kazakhstan
Статья научная
The integration of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in Kazakhstani universities necessitates effective multimodal communication in teaching. However, limited research has explored EMI instructors’ multimodal literacy—their ability to utilize verbal, visual, and textual elements to enhance instruction. This study investigates the relationship between EMI instructors’ ability to express and interpret multimodal content and their preference for multimodal communication in teaching at a Kazakhstani university. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a validated survey instrument to assess 120 teachers’ multimodal literacy levels in one Kazakhstani university. The collected data underwent reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation analysis to examine the relationships among multimodal expression, interpretation, and preference. The results indicate that while teachers acknowledge the value of multimodal approaches, they encounter significant challenges in integrating them effectively. Variations in internal consistency suggest that certain aspects of multimodal communication remain difficult to master. Additionally, the findings reveal that teachers who demonstrate strong multimodal interpretation skills do not necessarily prefer using such methods in teaching. These findings suggest a gap between EMI instructors’ multimodal literacy and their instructional preferences, highlighting the need for targeted faculty development programs that enhance multimodal teaching strategies.
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Статья научная
The aim of the research is to examine the potential of harnessing the visual programming language Scratch for learning arithmethic operations in preschool education as well as to find out wheather a visual programming environment intended for algorithmic thinking development can enhance learning outcomes and contribute to better understanding of arithmetic operations. In the pedagogical experiment, which was realized during two school years, 48 children aged 5 to 6 years were involved. The children were separated into three groups in accordance with the learning method. The traditional method of learning numbers, addition and subtraction was implemented in the first group. The second group of children learned numbers and arithmetic operations using visual programming language Scratch. In the third group a combined method that included the traditional teaching method and the use of the programming language Scratch was applied. The comparison of different methods of learning arithmetic operations in order to determine the difference in children’s achievements was performed by using Mann-Whitney test. The research results indicate that children from the experimental group, in which combined learning method was applied, exceed achievements of the other groups. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the application of visual programming language in preschool education represents an extraordinary complement to the traditional method of learning arithmetic operations.
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Статья научная
There will be difficulties in moving forward the project for educating and cultivating outstanding engineers, therefore, based on the outstanding project, it’s crucial to come up with an efficient method to deal with the issues in the practice of school-enterprise cooperation engineering. This thesis is going to deliver the discussions in the following aspects: a. The forms and contents of how to build the school-enterprise cooperation practice; How do we conduct engineering practice; c. How do we make sure enough teachers and working places for engineering practice are provided; d. How do we guarantee the quality of engineering practice and build its related valuation system.
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Статья научная
Statistical literacy (hereafter SL) has been considered an important learning outcome in statistics learning in higher education, yet studies that focus on investigating the factors and conditions that influence students’ SL, especially mathematics education students, are still limited. This study seeks to uncover the factors and conditions that significantly contribute to the SL of mathematics education students. This survey study involved 1,287 mathematics education students from 21 higher education institutions in Indonesia. Linear regression analysis involving four predictor variables (i.e., gender, status of higher education institution, laptop ownership, and research preference) was performed to determine the variables that contributed significantly in predicting SL achievement. The results revealed that gender, higher education institution’s status, and laptop ownership contributed significantly, but research preference was not significant in predicting mathematics education students’ SL. Furthermore, laptop ownership was found to have the highest contribution in predicting mathematics education students’ SL. All findings and their implications are discussed.
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Exploring Wikipedia Usage in Primary School Education: Students’ Experiences and Perspectives
Статья научная
The rapid development of digital technologies and the accessibility of numerous online resources have significantly influenced contemporary education. Among these digital platforms, Wikipedia stands out as a widely visited and influential open-access online encyclopedia. While numerous studies have explored the use of Wikipedia in higher education, its potential in primary education remains underexamined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the opportunities for using Wikipedia in primary school education and to examine students’ attitudes toward its use. The research was conducted on a sample of 364 seventh- and eighth-grade primary school students. A questionnaire was designed to assess students’ opinions on the application of Wikipedia in educational contexts. Students were divided into two groups: one group used Wikipedia for lesson processing, while the other followed a traditional approach. Using the multivariate Kruskal-Wallis test and descriptive statistics, the results revealed that students hold slightly positive views on the use of Wikipedia in education, regardless of gender, grade level, academic performance, or prior classroom use of Wikipedia. Furthermore, the findings indicate that students in higher grades have experience using Wikipedia, though they generally lack formal exposure to it in classroom settings. Despite this, students frequently use Wikipedia for verifying information and completing homework, demonstrating openness to its integration into the educational process. This study highlights the potential for enhancing teaching practices in primary education by incorporating widely used digital information sources like Wikipedia.
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Exploring the Correlation Between Emotional Competence and the Leisure Time of Young People
Статья научная
Leisure time plays an essential role in shaping the lifestyle of young people and is closely linked to their emotional well-being and overall happiness. This paper investigates the leisure time patterns of young people and explores the correlation between these patterns and their level of emotional competence. The research involved 150 young people from South and Eastern Serbia, aged 18 to 30. Participants’ emotional competence was measured using a short version of the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire (ESCQ). The key determinants of emotional competence include the ability to perceive and understand emotions, express and label emotions, and manage and regulate emotions. To measure dominant leisure time patterns, we employed a specially constructed Likert-type scale, focusing on elite, hedonistic, sports–recreational patterns, and a traditional-unconventional pattern divided into passive and family categories. The results indicated that young people exhibited partial emotional competence, with the ability to perceive and understand emotions as the most developed aspect. The most frequently reported leisure activities fell under the hedonistic and passive patterns. The data revealed significant correlations between all aspects of emotional competence and the elite, hedonistic, and sports–recreational patterns, with the strongest correlation observed between emotional competence and the elite pattern, which includes cultural activities, reading, and volunteer work. The results indicate that a higher level of emotional competence development is associated with the selection of quality leisure activities. Therefore, we could rely on the educational potential of leisure time to promote the development of emotional competence and vice versa.
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Статья научная
Clustering techniques are mostly unsupervised methods that can be used to organize data into groups based on similarities among the individual data items. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering is one of well known unsupervised clustering techniques, which can also be used for unsupervised web document clustering. In this chapter we will introduce a modified method of clustering where the data to be clustered will be represented by graphs instead of vectors or other models. Specifically, we will extend the classical FCM clustering algorithm to work with graphs that represent web documents [1,2,3]. We wish to use graphs because they can allow us to retain information which is often discarded in simpler models.
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Статья научная
This study aimed to assess the influence of students’ intrapersonal factors, namely Academic Intrinsic Motivation (AIM), Perceived Creativity Fostering Teacher Behavior (P-CFTB), Academic Self-Efficacy (ASE), and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) on student engagement in undergraduate psychology students taking online Statistics courses. A cross-sectional and quantitative design was used from October to December 2022. The data collection procedure used a convenience sampling technique, with questionnaires distributed online (via social media) and offline (via lecturers, the Student Executive Board, and the Association of the Faculty of Psychology from various universities in Indonesia). The research participants were psychology undergraduates who had studied and passed the Statistics courses online, with 671 filling out the questionnaire. The results showed that all students’ intrapersonal factors, namely AIM, P-CFTB, ASE, and SRL, can determine student engagement by 66.9%, with ASE having the highest influence (23.99%) and P-CFTB having the lowest impact (9.78%). Moreover, the correlation value between SRL and SE was r = 0.700, p < 0.001, signifying a robust positive relationship between both variables.
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Factors Influencing Students’ Dropout Intentions in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Статья научная
The increasing number of students intending to drop out of universities in Vietnam has raised concerns. While previous studies have addressed factors influencing dropout intentions, several aspects still need to be explored, particularly in developing countries like Vietnam. This research provides an overview of the factors influencing students’ dropout intention in Ho Chi Minh City. The study employs the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach with a survey sample of 804 students from universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The research findings reveal that factors such as Lack of university commitment (LUC), degree and course commitment (DCC), ineffective time management (ITM), curriculum design (CD), Ineffective adaptation to learning environment (IALE), low classroom participation (LCP) and personal circumstances (PC) significantly influence students’ dropout intentions. Additionally, factors including skills and attitudes of instructors (SAI), instructor support (IS), positive instructor feedback (PIF), university facilities (UF), cultural and social environment (CSE), and access to support from academic advisors (ASA) do not show statistically significant relationships with students’ dropout intention. Furthermore, the study finds no significant differences in dropout intention based on gender, area, and type of university, except for ASA has a differential impact on students’ dropout intentions based on the type of university. The research results provide valuable insights for researchers and educational experts to understand better the factors contributing to students’ dropout intentions. Moreover, the findings assist educational managers and instructors in developing appropriate support measures and interventions to enhance student engagement throughout their academic journey. Finally, the study discusses limitations and suggests future research directions.
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Factors of professional activity of educators in pedagogical practice
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The indisputable importance of early learning as well as the accepted documents of international organizations dealing with education have an impact on educational policy in the Republic of Serbia. Systemic solutions support the professional progress of educators/preschool teachers. Clearly limited and publicly recognizable areas of practice, accumulated fund of knowledge acquired through education, experience, which is expanded and deepened by continuous improvement and exchange with the environment; independent and/or cooperative decisions on timely and correct actions; meeting internal and external standards (self / control); ethics in personal and professional life are characterized by professional/competent actions of educators. Factors that modulate the level of competence of educators are the status of society, the immediate social context, the quality of the study program, professional environment, continuous professional development, pedagogical practice, personal characteristics of educators, job satisfaction and private life. The paper critically examines the key elements of the structure of factors in the Republic of Serbia in order to put light on weak points and their improvement. The research of a set of macrosystemic and subsystemic factors points out to the necessity of restructuring, improvement of the quality of selection, basic education of educators, interventions in the offer of trainings in accordance with the real needs of educators. Ensuring an effective, respectful climate in the preschool institution is necessary for microsystem changes. Pedagogical implications are contained in the creation of conditions for the development of participatory relations, critical observation, but also the emancipation and independence of professionally accomplished educators.
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Статья научная
The cultivation of folk tradition begins in the family, and continues in a systematic and organized way in school as a certainly important task in the education and upbringing of children of junior primary school age. Factors contributing to the realization of this task include: a) school; b) family, and c) other out-of-school factors. Starting from the fact that the cooperation between one’s family and school should be based on partnership, and that learning about traditional folk music requires coordinated action, authors organized a survey aimed at: 1) examining the extent to which the cultivation of musical tradition within the family is reflected on the learning and adoption of related content in music education classes at junior primary school age; 2) determining the extent to which traditional folk music is cultivated in the family by listening to and playing such music; 3) examining the role of family in the process of introducing students to traditional folk music at junior primary school age with regard to other in-school and out-of-school factors. The authors have concluded, teachers believe that cultivating traditional folk music in one’s family is reflected in the form of recognition and improved student motivation for learning content, related to traditional folk music. Students believe that the activity of listening to folk music within family is an insufficiently utilized resource. The survey results confirm the hypothesis that the role of family should be significantly encouraged in relation to other out-of school factors.
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