International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education @ijcrsee
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
Все статьи: 476
Interconnection and interaction of interrogative sentences in the English language
Статья научная
This paper presents the results of research devoted to one of significant aspects of interrogative sentences. The precise definitions of interconnection and interaction and the application of these terms to the language units helped to distinguish between interconnection and interaction of interrogative sentences in English. The existence of two different kinds of relations in the language, namely paradigmatic and syntagmatic, provided the basis for singling out two corresponding forms of interaction of English interrogative sentences. Contextual and distributional analyses of the material from authentic sources enabled to characterize the range and degree of their paradigmatic and syntagmatic interaction.
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Intercultural education: analysis of the primary school textbooks in the Republic of Macedonia
Статья научная
The intercultural education is most explicitly accomplished through textbook contents which encourage interaction, exchange, desegregation, interdependency and solidarity among people belonging to different cultural groups living in the same territory. The main goal of the research was to determine the quantity and quality of content that point to intercultural education in the textbooks used in elementary schools in the Republic of Macedonia, where the medium of teaching is in Macedonian. The analysis includes 44 textbooks. The research involved both quantitative and qualitative research methods, the late involved using deductive defining of categories. Nine categories, important for intercultural education were distinguished: identity, cooperation and friendship, respect, tolerance, cultural relativism, stereotype, prejudice, oppression and labeling. The results showed that the highest percent of contents promoting intercultural is found in textbooks for Civic education and History, while the lowest one in Nature and Geography. From the analyzed categories, identity is highly present, followed by cooperation, friendship and respect of the other. Themes regarding the categories such as: stereotype, prejudice, labeling and oppression are least represented and are not even mentioned as negative examples of behaviors which are not to be practiced. As a conclusion, we can say that it is very positive that depreciation and discrimination of other cultures, ethnicities or religious groups are not present. However, there is demand and need to enrichtextbooks and syllabuses with large number of contents concerning above mentioned positive categories, in order to promote one set of values which are essential to build an intercultural society.
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International student exchange management as factor of educational services development
Статья научная
Since the beginning of XXI century higher education internationalization trend has been intensifying around the world. The goal of the research is to study managing international education characteristics to promote educational services export. Levels of interconnection and interdependence between economic agents around the world are increasing; transnational forms of economic activity, information and communication technologies are developing. The market for higher education is developing intensively as educational services of the highest international level demand is increasing. The research goal is to analyze the main economic tendencies in modern students' exchange programmes. The problems discussed are the need to increase educational services export by promoting it using various student exchange models, study of managing international education characteristics to promote educational services export and its development. For this purpose the methodology consisting of modeling educational policy processes and analyzing the results is used. The results of the study show that higher education takes on international socio-economic features, which are to be seen as an attractive investment target. Modern higher education is developing in the conditions of open access and mutual influence of conditions in different countries, depending on the basis of economic, political and cultural relations. The growing interest in education abroad leads to existing paradigm of educational services management review thus updating this study's topic. In the conclusion we highlight that integrative processes in internationalization of education management can significantly enrich practical application in this sphere. Recommendations in this study can be used to increase educational services export and import.
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Internet addiction disorder (IAD) as a consequence of the expansion of information technologies
Рецензия
Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is a global topic that increasingly attracts the attention of the wider public. The purpose of this paper is to research the current situation in the prevalence of both Internet addiction and problematic Internet use, which is the most common precursor to developing psychological disorders related to the relationship to the Internet and its elements. The initial hypotheses of this paper are that the Internet addiction disorder is more widespread and harmful than can be deduced from the attitude of society and health authorities towards it and that it calls for renewed theoretical and empirical research, which is the attitude shared by the scientific community. The results that we stated in the paper clearly show numerous mental and physical deficiencies and problems that are experimentally proven and presented in the paper. As a recommendation, we would point to increasing awareness of the dangers of excessive and problematic use of the Internet, offering healthy alternatives, promoting the culture of safe use of the Internet, as well as educating individuals on other self-control mechanisms. Attention should be constantly paid to dangers that realistically exist, and it should be permanently worked on this aspect of mental health of individuals, nations, and the global society.
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Internet in the function of promotion of bestiality: profiling zoophiles
Рецензия
The Internet is an inseparable part of contemporary man’s everyday life. The catalog of positive sides of this global information system, which encourage the development of creativity, is inexhaustible. Simultaneously, many negative aspects of the Internet in the context of breach of security, exposure to inappropriate content and promotion of bestiality exist. Therefore, in this paper we pay special attention to zoophilia, a specific disorder from the domain of paraphilia, which includes a sexual preference for animals with ethical and harmful consequences for health. According to the available data from the digital space, it is noted that this disorder affects a significant number of individuals. It is an very complex and sensitive disorder, which requires a multidisciplinary approach, including a psychopathological approach that would explore the symptoms, nature and factors (hereditary, organic and social) of pathological conditions and processes in these individuals. With tendency that this scientific paper represents an adequate reaction to make this disorder more visible, as part of preventive programs before the late manifestation, we applied methods: quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis (reaction to zoophilia) and descriptive and analytical statistics. The goal is to recognize zoophilia as a disease and bestiality, that is, inhuman behavior, which requires an effective response from the social community.
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Interpersonal relations in school
Статья научная
As part of the scientific project titled “The Curriculum of Social Competences and Relations in School”, the aim of this paper is to examine the quality of interpersonal relations between teachers and pupils. On a sample of 432 teachers from 20 towns, 35 primary schools in the Republic of Croatia, and 432 pupils, it was confirmed that there is a difference in the appraisal of the quality of their interpersonal relations. Although the overall quality of interpersonal relations between pupils and teachers is at a moderately satisfactory level, pupils still appraise the quality of interpersonal relations lower than their teachers. In view of latent dimensionality, a factor questionnaire structure was used (14 variables; ordinal type) and two main components (subscales) determined: didactic support and interaction, and rough verbal and physical treatment. As part of the differential draft of our research, no gender differences were established (between female and male teachers) in the appraisal of the quality of interpersonal relations with pupils (on two subscales). The correlation analysis confirmed a low negative statistically significant correlation between the years of service and the subscale rough verbal and physical treatment (Rho=-0.101). In view of the subscale of rough verbal and physical treatment between pupils and teachers, such results on a negative correlation imply that older teachers, as opposed to their younger colleagues, use more corporal punishment in schools, treat pupils rudely, use nasty and impolite words, and call pupils insulting names.
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Interpersonal relations in the educational and manufacturing organizations
Отчет
Success and efficiency in the working organizations today are based upon good communication and social relations between their employees. The importance of these processes is visible in the use of modern techniques of communicating and the support of team building and team work in organizations. Communication and social climate is a topic that is contemporary and interesting to explore. Therefore, this research is focused on processes of communication and social interaction in the educational and manufacturing working environments. Research data were gathered with survey on a sample of 121 workers from two educational and two manufacturing working organizations. Two types of questionnaires were used: a questionnaire by Richard L. Daft (2001) on the communication issue and so-called WES Work Environment Scale concerning social interaction. Data were analysed with statistical procedures of descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test) for testing of hypotheses. Based upon this analysis came the conclusion that there is a difference in the degree of development of these important personal skills. The results show that the workers in the educational working organizations have a greater ability to communicate and interact compared to those in the manufacturing organizations. This research is meant to be a base for conclusions that came by information gathered in these two kinds of organizations so that the insight could lead further research in other types of organizations.
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Investigating factors influencing students’ learning in a team teaching setting
Статья научная
Team teaching factors, including mission clarity, affiliation, innovativeness, and fairness, are examined to determine how they influence student learning in a team-taught course. The study involved 184 college students enrolled in an Introduction to Computers course delivered in a team-taught format in a large university located in the United States. The collaborative teaching design followed a traditional team teaching approach with an instructor team teaching the same course collaboratively. Students enrolled in the team-taught course filled out an online survey targeted at identifying key factors that influence student-based outcomes (satisfaction and competency) in the course. Results showed that instructor team mission clarity, affiliation, and fairness are significantly related to students’ satisfaction while instructor team mission clarity and fairness are significantly related to students’ competency.
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Статья научная
Many research has been conducted to examine the acceptance factors to use mobile learning (m-learning) for regular students. During the COVID-19 most of the higher education institutions around the world were converted to m-learning especially for regular students, in order to continue supporting the educational stage for these students. This situation, allow researches to tested the use of m-learning for regular students while they are studying in distance learning environment. However, limited researches, especially in developing countries, have been tested the acceptance factors to use m-leaning for distance learning students. In this study the behavioral intention to use mobile learning (m-learning) were examined as well as the m-learning factors that affecting its acceptance amongst the distance learning students were outlined. The study framework was depended on the model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). A quantitative approach was used to analyze the data that collected from a random sample of 154 male and female participants from Saudi universities. The results indicated that significant factors influencing distance learning students’ behavioral intention include quality of service, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, gender, educational level, and type of device. The regulations governing distance learning programs and the implementation of mobile learning by Saudi universities under the direction of the Ministry of Higher Education are having a good impact and encouraging widespread use of m-learning.
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Статья научная
This study aims to investigate teachers’ perceptions of strategies they adopt to help their learners develop their critical thinking skills and how coherent their classroom practices are with their perceptions. The study was conducted with teachers in secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. Primary data in the form of questionnaire results, classroom observation notes and interviews was gathered to attain this goal. A total of three all-male schools participated in the study with 82 teachers completing the questionnaire, and 12 teachers (four from each school) being interviewed and observed during their classroom work. The findings suggest that positing open-ended questions to the class, focusing on performance tasks, and comparing and contrasting different perspectives were the most beneficial teaching strategies to foster students’ critical thinking skills. The findings also highlight that these capabilities are affected not only by the teaching practices, but also by other factors related to the broader academic environment, such as school resources. The results of the present study may help secondary teachers to select and implement teaching strategies and consider factors that may lead to an improvement in students’ critical thinking skills. While this study focuses exclusively on teachers working in the secondary schools in Saudi Arabia, some of the findings can be potentially transferable to other similar educational contexts.
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Investigation of prospective teachers’ use of mobile technologies in teaching activities
Статья научная
The purpose of this research is to examine the pre-service teachers’ use of mobile technologies in teaching activities. In this study, the survey method, one of the research methods, was used. The 199 prospective teachers studying at the Faculty of Education, a private university in Northern Cyprus, were included in the workgroup of the research. The 5-point Likert-type scales were used to measure the frequencies of using mobile technologies in instructional activities, motivation, and attitudes towards mobile technologies, competencies in mobile technology use, and its social effects. It was found that social factors had the lowest effect on the use of mobile technologies. Additionally, no gender-based difference was found in the mobile use frequency, motivation, attitude, competency, and social impact of prospective teachers. Moreover, the frequency, motivation, attitudes, competency, and social impact levels of students from the Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies are significantly higher than those departments from Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Special Education, Music Teaching, Elementary School Mathematics Teacher Education, Department of Pre-School Teaching, Classroom Teaching Department, Social Sciences Teacher Education, Turkish Language Teaching. It was concluded that having problems for mobile learning activities that can be used in the scope of mobile learning significantly influences the frequency of use, motivation, attitude, competency, and social impact of the students. Along with this, it was found that the following factors, given in order of importance, are influential on the frequency of the use of mobile technologies by prospective teachers in instructional activities: motivation, attitude, competency, and social impact.
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Статья научная
Imbalances in cortical excitation and inhibition (E-I) have been implicated in both autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and schizophrenia spectrum conditions (SSC). However, most studies investigate these clinical conditions independently, possibly due to the difficulty of obtaining comorbid clinical populations. As such, the current study investigated the relationship between performance in the orientation discrimination task “ODT” as a potential proxy for E-I balance and the autistic (as assessed by Autism Spectrum Quotient “AQ”) and schizotypal personality traits (as assessed by Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief “SPQ-BR”) in the general population. 87 healthy adult volunteers participated in the study. We found that high autistic personality traits are associated with enhanced performance in the oblique condition of ODT. In contrast, high schizotypal personality traits are associated with poor performance in the vertical condition of ODT. Such associations support the suggested disruption of cortical E-I balance in ASC and SSC.
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Is the integrative teaching approach beneficial for learning?
Статья научная
Environmental protection contents are characterized by a wide range of interdisciplinarity. They are realized separately within the teaching of biology and geography (5th-8th grade) in elementary school in Serbia. Numerous concepts and facts are similar, especially within the content Nature Protection. The application of an integrative teaching approach in the realization of environmental protection contents in elementary schools was investigated. Pedagogical experiment with parallel groups of elementary school students was conducted by applying integrative teaching approach in the experimental (E) and traditional approach in control (C) groups of students. The data were obtained through the pre-test and post-test. Integrative teaching approach has proven to be effective in the realization of the above-mentioned program contents.
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Статья обзорная
Since 1983, when Howard Gardner published his theory of multiple intelligences, educators have begun to incorporate this new model into school programs. However, the idea of multimodal teaching is hardly a new concept. Many pioneers of modern education, such as: J. J. Rousseau, J.H. Pestalozzi, M. Montessory, J. Dewey, suggested educational models that oppose uniformity and predominantly verbal teaching. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to identify and compare compatible elements of educational ideas of John Dewey and Howard Gardner. The research is based on historical-comparative method and content analysis technique and is focused on exploring three key elements of intersection: curriculum, methods of teaching and learning, and teachers’ role. Regarding the curriculum, both authors prefer integrated and thematic curriculum based on real-life context. They also agree on student-centred teaching where implementation of variety of active methods of learning will give opportunity to students to express their specific identity. Teacher’s role in both concepts is to link students’ personal experiences and characteristics to the material being studied and to the school life in general. The findings imply that educational implications of Gardner’s theory can be considered as a continuation of Dewey’s progressive vision of classroom teaching and school organization.
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Knowledge sharing in an organization from the perspective of the individual
Статья обзорная
Authors introduce a theoretical model of knowledge sharing in an organization through individual perspective. The social exchange theory offers a clarification of fundamental assumptions regarding individual action and is therefore appropriate for explaining why and when an individual is ready to share her/his knowledge in an organization. The article aims to reveal what shapes employees’ decisions to share knowledge in a work situation and what is needed in an organization to facilitate individuals to share and not to hoard their knowledge. These assumptions have never been included in the literature of knowledge management up until now.
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Статья научная
The paper addresses the importance of the professional development of preschool teachers through its positioning and action in relation to the concept of a learning community. By analyzing the literature, reviewing theoretical concepts and empirical research, the synergistic effect of the process of professional development of teachers and the concept of a learning community is determined. First of all, the benefits to which the process of professional development of teachers contributes within the learning community are determined, especially in the form of improving the educational process, professional competence and personal development of teachers, and most importantly, for the well-being of children. The aim of the paper is focused on a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical implications in the form of the influence of the learning community on the professional development of teachers, as well as the practical implications that are accordingly reflected in pedagogical practice. The above approach supports and affirms the principles of plurality and individual differences of each individual. Community is seen as a key concept within which quality and functional relationships are built, which contributes to the improvement of educational work. The proposal for the professional development of teachers within the learning community, as part of the transformation of the educational system in preschool education, is based on the belief that activities that include interaction, cooperation and exchange of knowledge and experiences contribute to more efficient results that are reflected in educational outcomes.
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Learning Objectives in Older Adult Digital Education - Redefining Digital Inclusion
Статья научная
The article explores the redefinition of learning objectives within the context of digital education for older adults, addressing the critical need to enhance digital inclusion. It emphasizes the centrality of learning objectives as foundational elements in the design, implementation, and evaluation of educational programs. The study underscores the necessity of revising these objectives to promote the development of digital competences among older adults. As society becomes increasingly digitalized, traditional educational models must evolve to accommodate the dynamic digital landscape. The REMEDIS research initiative seeks to modernize educational frameworks and establish a more effective approach to cultivating digital skills in older populations. By employing SMART criteria and leveraging the expertise of senior and future trainers, the study identifies 12 key categories for contemporary educational objectives, including: basic computer and mobile device use, digital terminology, email communication, cybersecurity, online information retrieval, social media usage, instant messaging, culture and entertainment access, online financial management, e-commerce, smartphone software applications, and time management. The qualitative analysis of digital education objectives for older adults reveals a spectrum ranging from basic digital literacy to advanced e-service utilization, while also highlighting the importance of aligning these objectives with the practical needs of older adults.
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Learning problems in children with mild intellectual disability
Статья научная
School failure is one of the more complex, more difficult and unfortunately frequent problem that modern school meets. Many factors can cause school failure, such as: child development characteristics, family and school-originated factors. The purpose of the research is analysis of the specific learning problems in students with a mild intellectual disability. For our research we used ACADIA test, which contains 13 subtests for assessing the overall individual functioning. The research involved 144 students. We divided the sample into two groups, children with intellectual disability (our target group) and control group. We found that generally all students with the intellectual disability have special learning problems. According to individual subtests analysis we concluded that the ability for visual association is best developed among these students while on the subtest for auditory memory they achieved worse results. With the analysis of the control group we found that 13.75% of the students have special learning problems.
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Статья научная
Actualizing instructional intercessions to suit learner contrasts has gotten extensive consideration. Among these individual contrast factors, the observational confirmation in regards to the academic benefit of learning styles has been addressed, yet the examination on the issue proceeds. Late improvements in web-based executions have driven researchers to re-examine the learning styles in adaptive tutoring frameworks. Adaptivity in intelligent tutoring systems is strongly influenced by the learning style of a learner. This study involved extensive document analysis of adaptive tutoring systems based on learning styles. Seventy-eight studies in literature from 2001 to 2016 were collected and classified under select parameters such as main focus, purpose, research types, methods, types and levels of participants, field/area of application, learner modelling, data gathering tools used and research findings. The current studies reveal that majority of the studies defined a framework or architecture of adaptive intelligent tutoring system (AITS) while others focused on impact of AITS on learner satisfaction and academic outcomes. Currents trends, gaps in literature and ications were discussed.
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Статья научная
Learning through play in the teaching process is a technique that has received a lot of attention since play itself increases the focus of students, and develops memory, creativity, and creative skills in students. However, the COVID-19 pandemic period was a very challenging period for every character included in the educational system, where many techniques used with physical presence were evaporated, or transformed in another form, as played through gamification. The objective of our research was to analyze the level and form of implementation of games as a teaching technique during COVID-19 in primary schools, among teachers N=120, students N=80 from I do 5th grade, and parents N=100 in Kosovo and North Macedonia. Results showed that there is a strong correlation of the implementation of games as a technique by parents and teachers in the implementation of the pandemic and the students learning and mental health, respectively their learning success has risen and their mental health was improved.
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