К.Э. Шеннон - ученый, мыслитель, человек. К 100-летию со дня рождения
Автор: Левин Виталий Ильич
Журнал: Историческая и социально-образовательная мысль @hist-edu
Рубрика: Исторические науки и археология
Статья в выпуске: 2-2 т.9, 2017 года.
Бесплатный доступ
В статье представлена научная биография выдающегося ученого-математика и кибернетика Клода Эльвуда Шеннона. Описан жизненный путь ученого, его учеба в Мичиганском университете, история написания магистерской диссертации «Символический анализ релейных и переключательных схем» и докторской диссертации «Алгебра теоретической генетики». Основное внимание уделено работам Шеннона по теории информации. Много места уделено также воссозданию образа Шеннона - ученого и человека. Рассказывается о специфике научного мира перед Второй мировой войной и во время войны, в период холодной войны и последующей разрядки. Основным методом при написании статьи явились критическое использование многочисленных воспоминаний о Шенноне, оставленных его учителями, коллегами и учениками, и анализ основных работ ученого по теории переключательных схем, теоретической генетике и теории информации. Использование данного метода позволило раскрыть множество важных тем, связанных с жизнью и творчеством Шеннона: области науки, которые ученый создал либо в которые внес существенный (решающий) вклад, особенность творческого метода ученого и др. Новизна и актуальность статьи заключается в установлении решающего вклада, который К.Э. Шеннон внес в создание двух новых наук: кибернетики (своими работами по применению логики к анализу переключательных схем) и общей теории связи (своими работами по теории информации). Установлен также большой вклад, внесенный Шенноном в методологию научных исследований, состоящий в универсализации метода математического моделирования, позволившей сделать его основным методом исследования в самых различных областях науки и техники.
Клод шеннон, теория переключательных схем, теория информации, теоретическая генетика, кибернетика, связь
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14951685
IDR: 14951685 | УДК: 94 | DOI: 10.17748/2075-9908-2017-9-2/2-55-77
C. E. Shannon - scientist, thinker, person (on the 100th anniversary)
The article presents the scientific biography of the outstanding scientist-mathematician and cybernetist Claude Elwood Shannon. It describes the life course of the scientist, his studies at the University of Michigan, the history of writing the master's thesis "Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits" and his doctoral dissertation "The Algebra of Theoretical Genetics". The main attention is paid to Shannon's works on information theory. A lot of space is also devoted to recreating the image of Shannon - a scientist and a person. Article tells about the specifics of the scientific world before the Second World War and during the war, during the Cold War and subsequent detente. The main method of writing the article was the critical use of the numerous memories about Shannon left by his teachers, colleagues and students, and an analysis of the principal works of the scientist on the theory of switching circuits, theoretical genetics and information theory. The use of this method allowed us to reveal many important topics related to the life and work of Shannon: the fields of science that the scientist created or into which he made a significant (decisive) contribution, the peculiarity of the creative method of the scientist, etc. The novelty and relevance of the article consists in establishing the contribution that C.E. Shannon gives to the creation of two new sciences: cybernetics (his work on the application of logic to the analysis of switching circuits) and the general theory of communication (his work on information theory). Shannon also made a great contribution to the methodology of scientific research, which consisted in the universalization of the method of mathematical modeling, which made it possible to make mathematical modeling the main method of research in various fields of science and technology.
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