Статьи журнала - Nanotechnologies in Construction: A Scientific Internet-Journal
Все статьи: 452
Статья научная
Introduction. This study aims to carry out comprehensive comparative research of thermal degradation and inflammation parameters of timber covered with fire resistant biological flame retardants of different chemical composition. We also looked at the efficiency and the action mechanism of the latter. Materials and methods. As the objects of research, the means were selected – phosphorase-containing water-soluble compounds of the nanoscale series, complex biocides and special bioplasticizers (Agent 1) and water-soluble nanoscale diammonium hydrophosphate (Agent 2) applied to pine wood by surface treatment and deep impregnation methods. Results and discussion. Thermogravimetric studies of wood treated with flame retardants have shown that its decomposition occurs in the following temperature ranges: 30–150°C – the process of loss of moisture by wood; 150–400°C – the effect of protective mechanisms of the compositions, as well as the process of decomposition of the main components of wood (hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin) and the formation of a coke layer; 400–800°C – the process of gradual burnout of the coke layer taking into account its thermophysical characteristics up to the ash residue. It has been established that both flame retardants act by the mechanism of catalytic dehydration and reduce the rate of decomposition of wood from 29 to 10%/min. Conclusion. The features of the thermal decomposition of wood protected by two different chemical composition and method of its processing means are determined. The parameters of the flammability of pine wood treated with fire-protective compounds by surface and deep impregnation were obtained, which indicate their high efficiency, which is confirmed by the values of the coke residue at 400°C, the nature of DTG peaks and DSC curves. The possibility of using the obtained materials from wood for interior decoration and cladding of facades of buildings that meet regulatory requirements for their safe use is shown.
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Study of the effect of additives on biodegradation of PVC materials
Статья научная
Modern operating conditions of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials impose increased requirements for the additives used. Intensification of processing and expansion of PVC application areas, as well as providing a wide variety of its performance characteristics, are associated to a large extent with the successful solution of the problem of creating effective plasticizers. Therefore, when developing formulations of PVC plasticates, it is important to obtain and select plasticizers that meet modern high requirements for operation and environmental safety. One of the modern approaches to creating materials that can be destroyed in natural conditions is based on the use of additives that increase the ability of polymer materials to biodegrade. This paper presents the results of developing a PVC composition with increased biodegradation. For this purpose, a mixture of plasticizers was used: dibutoxyethyl phthalate (DBOEP) with a degree of ethoxylation of 1.5 and dibutoxyethyl adipate (DBOEA) with a degree of ethoxylation of 1.5. The results of testing samples of obtained PVC compositions for biodegradation are presented. It is shown that partial replacement of a phthalate plasticizer with a non-toxic biodegradable dibutoxyethyl adipate makes it possible to obtain PVC compositions with increased biodegradation, while maintaining excellent performance properties.
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Study of the kinetics structure formation of cement dispersed systems. Part I
Статья научная
Introduction. The study of the kinetics structure formation is rarely the subject of a careful study. Although it is important for materials used to create elements of building structures, energy elements, thermoelements and materials for other purposes. The article proposes refinements of the methodology for determining the parameters of the kinetics structure formation of cement composites, including modified compositions. Methods and materials. The structure formation of cement systems with plasticizers, microsized mineral additives (hydrosilicates of barium, copper and zinc) and nanosized particles of zinc hydrosilicates has been studied. Results and discussion. It is proposed to single out two stages of initial structure formation: the stage of setting the cement paste and the stage of hardening. The selection of the setting stage is connected with the natural laws of the development of natural systems, namely, the initial formation of a structural grid obeys an exponential law. Moment of time when a deviation from this law is observed is the time of occurrence of spatial and/or prescription difficulties that hinder the exponential development of the system. Conclusions. A strong negative relationship between the parameters φ and β of the equation H(t) = a exp(φt β) has been established. These parameters characterize the rate of structure formation at the setting stage (parameter φ) and the density of the structure (parameter β or the internal dimension Di, 0 associated with it). The presence of such a negative relationship indicates the inadvisability of accelerating the processes of structure formation at the stage of setting. This is supported by a strong positive relationship between the period of initial structure formation t0, s1 and the strength of the material R28.
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Study of the kinetics structure formation of cement dispersed systems. Part II
Статья научная
Introduction. The study of the kinetics structure formation is rarely the subject of a careful study. Although it is important for materials used to create elements of building structures, energy elements, thermoelements and materials for other purposes. The article proposes refinements of the methodology for determining the parameters of the kinetics structure formation of cement composites, including modified compositions. Methods and materials. The structure formation of cement systems with plasticizers, microsized mineral additives (hydrosilicates of barium, copper, iron and zinc) and nanosized particles of zinc hydrosilicates has been studied. Results and discussion. It is proposed to single out two stages of initial structure formation: the stage of setting the cement paste and the stage of hardening. It was found that the strength of the material at the stage of hardening should be influenced by an additional factor, depending on the type of the introduced substance. A strong negative relationship between the parameters α and n of the equation R(t) = Rmax(1–eatn) at the hardening stage was confirmed. The trends identified at the setting stage also demonstrated, namely: an increase in the rate of structure formation leading to the formation of a less dense structure. Conclusions. An analysis of the change in the value of the internal dimension of the system during the transition from the stage of setting to the stage of hardening made it possible to identify two trajectories of the system development. The first trajectory appears only by combining the elements of the structure (trajectory No. 1). Preservation of the characteristic dimensions of structural elements, but an increase in the proportion of elements with small dimensions (when the conditions that prevent the combination of elements of the structure are realized) describes the second trajectory (trajectory No. 2). The implementation of trajectory No. 2 is typical for compositions which the structure formation of cement stone is carried out in the presence of Melment F15G plasticizer or microsized particles of copper or zinc. For other studied compositions, structure formation is proceeding with the enlargement of structural elements.
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Study of the properties of nanomaterials
Статья научная
To improve physical and mechanical properties of pavements new materials with nanomodified additives are being actively developed. The authors are investigating the properties of road petroleum bitumen with nanomaterial Taunit. At the initial stage, oil bitumen was heated to 100о C. Then carbon nanomaterial «Taunit» was added. After that, the mixture was stirred in an ultrasonic homogenizer until even distribution of the carbon nanomaterial in the total volume. The process of cooling of the final structure was carried out until the end of the crystallization process. Then, the specimens are exposed to tension and strength tests with a constant rate of deformation or loading until the moment of rupture on the testing machines. Mixing with other components of asphalt concrete in the standard mode follows the nanomodification of the bituminous mixture. Under increased temperatures the bitumen mixture keeps properties of an effective binder. It was revealed that the modified carbon bitumen has good thermal properties, namely, it has a higher softening temperature (Δt is in the range from 6 to 10ºС). The indicator, which indirectly characterizes the degree of hardness of bitumen solutions, is within the limits of GOST standards, decreases by 15–20%.
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Статья научная
Introduction. As part of the solution for the problem of creating a new class of materials for building additive technologies, cement composites reinforced with high-strength fiber, this work presents the results of experimental studies of the strength of the adhesive bonding between cement matrices and reinforcing fibers with different chemical compositions, diameters, and tensile strength. Materials and methods. Rheological properties of cement systems were studied using shear and squeeze rheometry, the method of micromechanical testing for determining the strength of the adhesive bonding “cement matrix – reinforcing fiber” based on the pull-out test, which involves pulling out the fiber from the cement matrix layer; after the pull-out test for all the studied systems, the microstructure of the contact surface “cement matrix – reinforcing fiber” was assessed using a Thermo Scientific™ Phenom ™ Desktop SEM scanning electron microscope; the compressive strength of hardened cement paste-samples was determined using an INSTRON Sates 1500HDS testing machine. Results and discussions. It was established that the combination of strength characteristics of matrices, fibers, and adhesive strength at their interface allowed securing the required strength characteristics of reinforced construction composites. In the “cement matrix – carbon fiber” systems, the value of adhesive strength was 9 – 11 MPa; in the “cement matrix – steel wire” systems, the value of adhesive strength was 3 – 4 MPa. Conclusions. Matrices with viscosity modifiers containing nano- and micro-sized particles of SiO2 (complex nano-sized additive and metakaolin) are reasonable options for combinations of the “cement matrix – reinforcing fiber” components. Carbon fiber and steel wire are recommended to be used as reinforcing fibers.
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Study of thermal effect based on liquid crystal nanoparticles
Статья научная
Introduction. Currently, the development of composite systems doped with nanoparticles and based on liquid crystal (LC) media is being actively pursued. The latter, having unique properties, can be used to improve various LC devices. For this purpose, it is very important to investigate the mechanism of change in the properties of liquid crystal systems from the size and concentration of nanoparticles. Recently, a sufficient number of methods have been applied to measure the flow of liquid or gas based on different physical principles. Information about the average mass flow rate of a liquid or gas can be obtained by a measurement method based on steady-state heat injection into the flow. The average flow velocity can be measured by electromagnetic and ultrasonic sensors, while the average volume flow rate can be measured by hydrodynamic (aerodynamic) as well as mechanical turbine methods. In heat transfer and mass transfer, convective motion in a fluid medium plays an important role in the vast majority of natural phenomena and technological processes. Many processes of convective mass transfer and heat transfer in chemical, petrochemical, construction, nuclear and other industries are carried out in heat pipes. Up to the present time the question about efficiency of heat pipes application with bodies from composite materials also remains open. In the presented work the following objectives were set: to assemble an experimental setup to study the thermal effect (flow), to conduct studies of temperature change on the surface of the conductor of the compound based on nanoparticles of liquid crystals and viscosity of liquid crystals from the concentration of nanoparticles. Methods and Materials. In this experimental work, a heat flux acts in the region of the outer boundary of the conductor. Note that the redistribution of the thermal field is influenced by such processes as heat conduction and heat transfer. To observe the thermal effect, compounds based on liquid crystal nanoparticles were used. Nanostructured liquid crystal systems have a unique property as fluidity inherent in ordinary liquids. For opaque conductor walls, a method for determining the direction of heat flow is proposed. Earlier experimental studies have shown that temperature measurement is possible only by pyrometric method. Therefore, the redistribution of temperature change on the conductor flow surface was recorded using an optical pyrometer that perceives thermal (infrared) radiation. In this work, a compound based on liquid crystal nanoparticles, namely with the addition of cholesteryloleate, was used as a base. Results and discussion. In the course of the study, temperature dependences in the heat flow zone of the conductor in the absence and in the presence of liquid motion were experimentally obtained. Dependences of temperature change on the surface of the conductor with compounds based on nanoparticles of liquid crystals have been measured. Inhomogeneous redistribution of the thermal field is shown. The results of the study of the dependence of the viscosity of nematic liquid crystals on the concentration of nanoparticles are presented. Conclusion. The above data show that the thermal effect on the surface is not uniformly distributed. For visualization of the thermal effect, compounds based on nanoparticles of liquid crystals turned out to be more effective. A technique has been developed to determine the direction and calculate mathematically the magnitude of the liquid heat flux in the opaque conductor flow. It should be noted that the viscosity of liquid crystals changes when nanoparticles are coupled.
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Статья научная
Introduction. Particular interest for research has dispersed systems. Dispersed systems are multiphase systems, consisting of a quantity of smallest particles, evenly distributed in the liquid, gaseous or solid medium. Such systems are the majority of the real bodies around us: soil, bodies of plant and animal life, clouds and fogs, many industrial products, such as building materials, metals, polymers, paper, leather, fabrics and foodstuffs. Disperse systems have many unusual physical properties, which require separate study and are of great importance in practice. Methods and materials. This article explores the influence ion-forming additives on the thermophysical properties of paraffin-containing disperse systems. The widespread use of ion-forming additives is associated with a number of positive features. Ion-forming additives is a new type of modifiers of crystalline solid phase and liquid crystals, significantly affect the process of micelle formation of paraffin in dispersed paraffin-containing environment. Therefore, studies on their effect on the processes of nucleation and growth of crystals are of particular interest. During the research, samples were prepared with various ion-forming additives and obtained temperature dependences of dielectric permittivity for dispersed systems petrolatum – methyl ethyl ketone – water solution of NaCl and KCl. Polynomial models are selected as the model type, which are widely used in the processing of various data, including experimental, and are also an effective tool for solving a wide range of scientific and technical problems. Results and discussion. It has been established that an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the solid phase with the introduction of additives is associated with a decrease in surface tension and increase in secondary nucleation. Resulting universal regression dependence of permeability allows us to describe the experimental results with the reliability of the approximation 0.99. Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained results shows reliability of the considered regression models and their applicability in practice, as well as in further studies of the dynamics of the process in disperse systems and the process of nucleation and growth of crystals.
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Study on the influence of zeolite nanoparticles on selected properties of portland cement
Статья научная
Introduction. Cement microstructure imaging is an emerging field of non-destructive compositional investigation. Some data may be available via one method but not the other due to various physical and chemical mechanisms that could cause cement decay. In order to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate cement stone, it is necessary to investigate it as a complex multi-phase composite material, identify its crystalline phases, and estimate the precise size of its nanoparticles. Materials and methods. This work presents the results of a microscopic study of the effect of Nanozeolites (particle size ≤ 100 nm) on cements for cementing wells. To study the surface properties (chemical bonds between molecules, analysis of mineral composition, and surface topography and morphology) of class G cement stone, three types of microscopes – IR spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) – were used. Zeolite nanoparticle additives were introduced at varying concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% by weight of cement) after 8 hours of curing in a water bath at atmospheric pressure and a heating temperature of 60оC (140оF). Results and discussion. The infrared spectra revealed changes in surface properties, indicating a decrease in free water and an increase in the strength of the system with the addition of nano zeolite. X-ray diffraction method (XRD) allowed for the identification of the main phases of crystalline hydration. The highest peak intensity is due to calcium hydroxide CH, which decreases with the addition of nano zeolite. This phenomenon elucidates the pozzolanic behavior of nano zeolite, which reacts with precipitated calcium hydroxide upon hydration to form C–S– H, reduces the calcium hydroxide content of the layered structure and increases C–S–H. The topography and surface morphology of the samples were studied at the nanoscale using atomic force microscopy. The images show the nanoparticles propagate along the cracks and appear to increase the surface layer's resistance to deformation and stress relaxation in cement-based materials. In addition, they promote viscoelastic C–S–H behavior. Conclusion. Adding nano zeolite to Portland cement affects the process of early hydration of cement stone and increases its early strength. Additionally, the introduction of 1.5% nano zeolite into cement results in the formation of irregular peaks and valleys of low porosity filler, ultimately enhancing the cement's strength.
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Статья научная
Introduction. Literature analysis and patent search revealed that basalt rock and its fibers have exceptional physical and technical characteristics and alongside abundant raw material reserves. Based on this, the use of basalt rocks and their fibers as a material for the development of advance composite materials with high performance characteristics is a promising direction. Diverse technological fields and economic sectors, as well as various material requirements, necessitate a spectrum of systems, compositions, and properties for basalt and its melts, whether for generating superthin or continuous fibers. Methods and materials. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of some basalt rocks from deposits in the Kyrgyz Republic were studied to determine their suitability for production of superthin fibers and continuous fibers. The acidity modulus and fusibility modulus were determined by calculation based on the chemical composition of basalts of the Kyrgyz Republic. Among them, the quality of basalts from the Suluu-Terek deposit and basalts from the Toru-Aigyr deposit fully meets the requirements for the quality of raw materials for creating the production of basalt superthin fibers (BSF) and basalt continuous fibers (CBF). In the research we used physical and chemical analysis methods to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of basalt. By calculating the acidity and fusibility modulus of basalt raw materials from the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as comparing them with relevant standards, their suitability for the production of basalt superthin fiber (BSF) and basalt continuous fiber (CBF) was established. The object of the study was the basalts of the Sulu-Terek deposit. Results of the study include an analysis of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of certain basalt rocks from deposits in the Kyrgyz Republic in order to assess their suitability for the production of superthin and continuous fibers. The acidity modulus and fusibility modulus of basalts of the Kyrgyz Republic were determined by the calculation method. Among them, it was revealed that the quality of basalts from the Suluu-Terek deposit and basalts from the Toru-Aigyr deposit fully meets the requirements for the quality of raw materials for the production of basalt superthin fibers (BSF) and basalt continuous fibers (CBF). Conclusion. The suitability of basalt rocks from various deposits, especially Suluu-Terek, Taldy-Bulak and Kashka-Suu, was confirmed, with recommendations for use. The results also highlight the importance of compliance with standards when selecting deposits and setting production parameters.
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Surface activity of concrete waste powders
Статья научная
Introduction. One of the most large-tonnage wastes of the construction industry is a concrete scrap, obtained as a result of the dismantling of buildings and structures, the service life of which has reached its maximum or requires significant capital changes. In our opinion, works on the use of the resulting dust-like fraction are of particular interest. One of the promising methodological approaches in this direction is the observance of the principles of nanotechnology, which consists of obtaining finely dispersed components as active components of the created compositions. Materials and methods. Therefore, the objects of research in this work were fine powders obtained by mechanical grinding of lightweight (sample 1) and heavy (sample 2) concrete of a five-story residential panel house built in 1979. The elemental composition and specific surface area of the samples were determined, thermogravimetry of the studied powder systems was carried out, the surface tension of the experimental samples and the dispersion and polarization components of this indicator were determined by the OVRK method. A new methodological approach to the determination of the surface tension of powder systems is proposed, based on the determination of the functional dependence of the surface tension on the pressing force of the prototypes. The possibility of calculating macroenergy characteristics (atomization energy, specific mass atomization energy) of waste concrete samples is shown. These physicochemical indicators characterize the potential supply of internal energy of the system, which is capable of transforming into free surface energy during mechanical destruction of the material. Results and discussions. Thermogravimetric analysis of experimental concrete samples showed the presence of a residual amount of belite. Calculations of the surface activity of the samples showed that it is more preferable to use a powder obtained by crushing a sample of heavy concrete as an active additive in compositions capable of exhibiting the properties of a binding agent. Conclusions. To assess the activity of dusty fractions of concrete scrap as a component in binding compositions of the hydration type of hardening, it is proposed to use the value of the surface activity of powder systems as a criterion. The absolute numeric value of this criterion is equal to the ratio of the values of the free surface energy of the investigated powder and the specific mass energy of atomization of the initial waste concrete. It was found that for concrete waste the value of this criterion is determined by the polarization component of surface tension.
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Статья научная
Introduction. Recent years have seen a pressing need to dispose of municipal solid waste due to rapid urbanization. The municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) produced from solid waste incineration power plant exhibits pozzolanic properties and poses concern of toxicity leaching when used directly as building materials. This paper presents an alkali-activation method to produce sustainable alkali-activated MSWIFA materials (AAFMs) with various MSWIFA dosages and investigate the corresponding fabrication and performance. Materials and Methods. Composited alkali activators activate the MSWIFA with constant alkalinity of 5% and the molar ratio of Si/Na = 0.86. The resulting geopolymers' bulk densities, mineral composites, morphology, and compression strength are thoroughly examined. Results and discussions. Results show that the use of MSWIFA may lead to more loose structures because the bubbles are generated from metallic aluminum and alkali activators. Additionally, the production of multiple crystals also accounts for increasing porosity. The generated multi-crystals such as Sylvite, Halite, Hydrocalumite, Calcium Hydroxide, and Ettringite are further detected from the morphology and mineral analysis. Furthermore, compression tests and toxicity characteristic leaching procedures (TCLP) are conducted to investigate the mechanical performance and heavy metals solidification performance of AAFMs, with an optimal compression strength of 19.99MPa at 28 days for AAFM-10 while toxicity leaching is subject to regularity limits. Conclusions. This study shows that great potential of using the alkali-activation method to recycle hazardous municipal solid fly ash into construction materials with both ecological safety and high performance.
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Статья научная
Introduction. Currently, one can witness a boom of renewable energy in foreign countries: zones with earth, coastal and even offshore wind power plants are emerging, and the roofs of houses, hotels, schools and hospitals are being "dressed" by solar batteries and by panels to generate electricity and water. At the same time, despite the fact that these installations are unreliable and rare sources, many experts and politicians begin to mistakenly consider them as the basic ones. All that poses a scientific and technical problem of determining the place of nature-like technologies in the structure of life support systems of the population. Methods, models and tools. The paper analyzes the engineering systems of multi-apartment residential buildings and individual residential buildings that deliver life support resources (electricity, gas, cold and hot water, etc.). But one should also note that the engineering systems often keep potential fire-energy and environmental harm. To resolve the mentioned problems, some nanotechnologies and Russian patents concerning autonomous electricity, water, heat supply of individual residential buildings on them were proposed. Results and discussion. Modeling has shown that the combination of "Shukhovskaya" and vortex wind turbines with domestic hydraulic panels and solar panels makes it possible to create duplicated and tripled engineering systems of individual residential buildings, which, in terms of quality, reliability and safety parameters, are several orders of magnitude higher than the existing centralized resource supply systems for the residential sector of cities and rural settlements. Conclusion. The proposed approach makes it possible to determine the place of the so-called renewable energy in the structure of the resource supply system for cities and rural settlements, and it remains to assess its effectiveness, which is supposed to be done using the Leontiev-Ford model and the retro-forecasting method.
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Статья научная
Physico-chemical processes of structure formation in nanocomposite building materials are associated with transformations of binding matrices and reinforcing components. The efficiency of building composites in the designed structures depends on the accurate choice of the source components: nanobinders, fillers (aggregates) and manufacturing technology. Increased corrosion resistance of building materials is provided by optimal selection of nanobinders and fillers, by increased density and treatment of the structure surface with protective coatings. The manufacturing feasibilities for nanocomposites based on various raw materials, nanobinders (gypsum, cement, bitumen, polymer, etc.), and inclusion of various dispersed phases (nanofillers, natural and technogenic aggregates) expand the variety of building composite materials. The synergistic dynamism of the occurrence of geometrical regularity of nanostructures during the structure formation of binders correctly demonstrates the fractal concept. Fractal nanostructures of binders with a rough surface are formed according to mechanism of diffusion-limited aggregation.
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Technological equipment management for 3D additive printing of building nanocomposites
Статья научная
Introduction. The development of innovative approaches to digital equipment control that ensure the production of 3D building structures with high operational and technical-economic characteristics remains an urgent task. The handling and maintenance of technological equipment during the process of 3D-printing of construction objects do not always meet the modern requirements of technical systems management. Methods and materials. 3D-printing is based on the method of extrusion: molding of a building structure layer-by-layer with the addition and fairly rapid subsequent solidification of nanocomposite building materials. The resulting optimized nanocomposition must have the required rheology, which set the comb-like polycarboxylate esters with nanosteric repulsion at a distance of ≈ 11 nm. In order to organize a stable 3D-printing technology, it is also necessary to select the appropriate optimal fillers that provide the necessary physical, mechanical and operational characteristics to the hardened nanocomposite. Results. The effectiveness of three-dimensional printing calls for the coordinated operation of a construction-grade 3D-printer. In this regard, it is necessary to have concrete pumping equipment that is able to pump the initial nanocomposition through flexible pipelines at a certain speed. It is necessary to consider the influence of pressure and volume to increase the power of the concrete pump motor by 14–17%, and at the same tine reduce the level of vibrations. Discussion. Digital 3D-technologies reveal unique opportunities for innovative production of three-dimensional construction objects and engineering structures. Technological quality management of 3D-printing depends on the correct alignment of the printer mechanisms, and the reduction of defective products can be achieved by adjusting the molding parameters of building nanocomposites. The structure-forming curing of Portland cement nanocomposites is based on the formation of fractal structures of calcium hydrosilicate clusters with dimensions of 47–51 nm, that form nanoaggregates (125–132 nm), which gradually cement the fillers due to adhesive interactions. The high demand for the corresponding equipment only strengthens the advantages of 3D-additive technologies: its practical waste-free operation, low power consumption of 3D-printers, time reduction of design-to-completion process by 8–11 times. Conclusions. Technological managing of concrete pump equipment for 3D-additive printing of building nanocomposites reduces energy costs by 26–29%, and at the same time reduces the level of vibration.
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Technological innovation and the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field – Management Analytics
Статья научная
The Introduction argues that interdisciplinary research relies on shared knowledge. When knowledge is shared, a fundamental shift can occur over time, and a new interdisciplinary field can emerge. For example, nanoscience, quantum computation emerges as interdisciplinary fields that eventually grew to become their own disciplines. Main part. The article provides a review of extant papers on management analytics. The field of management analytics is a newly developing interdisciplinary field that is attracting more and more attention. In this study, overall, 201 papers were examined. The results show that that the field of management analytics is emerging. Two main aspects of the field are investigated: application-based research and theory-based research. This study aims at providing a status of the area called Management Analytics for academia and practitioners. Conclusion. This paper focuses on the emerging interdisciplinary field called Management Analytics, based on an analysis of 201 published articles on the subject. For the first time, this study provides a comprehensive literature review of the emerging field of management analytics. The developing trends, characteristics, and related applications are introduced.
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Статья научная
Introduction. Small innovative enterprises are able to solve the problems of technological support of the construction sector. A special place is occupied by enterprises created on the basis of the results of intellectual activity (RIA) of higher educational institutions. The activities of small companies created with the participation of universities have a number of advantages. The scientific and educational environment creates additional opportunities for small businesses in conducting research and development, as well as opens up access to human resources. An example of the commercialization of RIA is the technological developments based on nanomaterial of St Petersburg University enterprises in solving the problem of abandonment of orphan wells, which contribute to the pollution of groundwater. Methods and materials. Abandoned wells are abandoned according to “standard designs” that provide for the abandonment of only the wellbore limited by the inner diameter of the casing pipes, and do not contain technical solutions for the elimination of behind-the-casing flows. Results. An ownerless well, after its abandonment according to the “standard project”, continues to contaminate groundwater, but on a permanent basis, since repeated abandonment of such wells is practically impossible. Each such “abandoned” well is an officially created channel for groundwater contamination in the long term. Discussion. The article contains an analysis of the existing technology of abandonment of wells, including ownerless ones, as well as the justification of the futility of its use to eliminate sources of groundwater pollution. An alternative solution based on the use of modern nanomaterials is proposed. Conclusion. Examples of successful application of the proposed technology with the use of cemented nanomaterials for the liquidation of emergency wells in the North-West region are given. Based on the study, conclusions and recommendations are made.
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Technology of three-dimensional laser scanning as a tool to provide safety for sport facilities
Статья научная
Introduction. Human safety during sport activities depends mostly on the technical states of sport facilities. According to current legislation, every school and higher education institution with sport facilities must meet nationwide standards for safety requirements. Sports facilities with existing codes and GOSTR are inspected by a special committee, which is required for accreditation, and which has been applied for several decades. This study offers more accurate and up-to-date methods for inspection of these sport facilities, specifically three-dimensional laser scanning. The technology of three-dimensional laser scanning is used mainly to obtain high precision and detailed measurements of any object. The authors analyzed the methods of application of three-dimensional laser scanning to assure human safety during sport activities at schools and higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. The objects analyzed were running tracks at the stadium at Kuban State Technological University. The main research method is an empirical one, namely field measurements. Scanning of racetracks was performed with the Leica ScanStation C10 from six stations. After field measurements were taken, point cloud was imported into special software to process the results of the laser scanning by the Leica Cyclone. After measurements were taken, all the critical points of the racetracks were classified by the height. According to existing standards for racetracks at athletic stadiums, the allowable value of roughness is 10 mm. Results and discussion. Classification of points revealed that the limit value for roughness of University’s racetrack was 9 mm (which meets existing safety requirements for racetracks). Thus, racetracks of Kuban State Technological University underwent the accreditation process performed by the research group from the Department of Cadaster and Geo-Engineering. Conclusion. The conclusion of the paper detertmined that, in fact, laser scanning can be applied to control safety of race tracks.
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