Assessment of hygienic and microbiological risks in milk processing in Russia

In the last 30 years, it has been noted that the consumption of milk and dairy products by the population of Russia is lower than the values recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. One of the growth promoting factors in the consumption of this group of products is the stimulation of the production of raw milk while increasing and ensuring the quality and safety requirements for its purchases. 396 samples of milk collected in different periods of the year under the conditions of agricultural manufacturers, peasant farm enterprises and personal subsidiary farms were studied. The assessment was carried out in accordance with standardized procedures provided for the control of milk. According to organoleptic indicators, all milk samples met the requirements of regulatory documentation for raw milk. Low values of the protein mass fraction were noted in 1.5% of the studied batch. In 46%, the protein content was above average. Reduced values of the mass fraction of nonfat milk solids were found in 1.3%. In 1.8% of the studied batch, the mass fraction of fat was below the normalized value. According to the density value, 0.8% of the samples did not comply with the regulatory documentation. Reduced values of titratable acidity were found in 4.5% of the samples. The excess of titratable acidity was set in 0.3%. In total, 6.3% of the samples did not comply with the normative documentation on the value of titratable acidity for the highest and first classes of milk, and for the second milk class - 4.8% of samples. According to the QMAFAnM value, 5% of the samples did not correspond. The excess of the normalized value of the number of somatic cells was noted in 3.0% of the samples. Antibiotics were found in 1.3% of the studied milk samples. Milk sent for processing has differences in quality and safety indicators, which are reflected in the class of milk, but generally meets the requirements of regulatory documentation for raw milk.