The problem of authorship impersonality in the musical culture of ancient Russia

Russian music starting with its oldest samples and up to the XVII century remains poorly studied field in the history of art. However, the origins and archetypes of the national music culture, special nature of relationship between word and music, genre system are formed in relationship of Church music and folk art in the era of Ancient Rus. The content of this publication is devoted to analysis of the identity concept and the problem of authorship impersonality in the musical culture of a particular period. Professional music, like painting, was born inside the temple synthesis of arts, and was presented with a set of liturgical singing - Znamenny chant. From that moment and until the seventeenth century the culture of Ancient Russia was ruled by a Christian Canon that dictates moral and value orientations, norms of behavior and entire way of life of a person. In Christianity, human life is considered as a prelude to the true life - eternal, and in the interpretation of a man contradiction is initially put: on the one hand the man is the Lord of Creation, on the other - the servant of God. Such understanding of "creation" life eliminates the concept of personality, erases its individuality. In the center of the canonical art are the faces and lives of the saints - on icons and frescoes in painting, based on literary works, the texts of monody Znamenny chant. Medieval culture as the culture of canonical type is based on installations of the majority, universality, renunciation of the individual in favor of the public. "Unanimity" of Znamenny chant symbolized the idea of catholicity - the spiritual needs in a collective coexistence. Monocomponent of chorus precluded the possibility of individual start. The rejection of instrumental music in the Russian Church is due to the ascetic nature of Orthodoxy, the search of spiritual truth. Artistic creativity in this age is interpreted as the "gift of God", as the emanation of God, so the music, like all types of art in Ancient Rus, doesn’t "remember" its authors and has impersonal nature.