Industrial crossing of dairy cattle with beef bulls to increase the production of high-quality beef

Industrial crossing of some cows from dairy herds with bulls of particular meat breeds continues to be an important method of improving beef quality. The research on this topic is relevant. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to compare the fattening and meat qualities of the offspring obtained as a result of industrial crossing of black- and-white cows with Aberdeen-Angus bulls. In the experiment on four groups of analog calves of 14 heads each (I - black-and-white bulls; II - crossbred bulls (Aberdeen-Angus x black-and-white); III - black-and-white heifers and IV - crossbred heifers (Aberdeen-Angus x black-and-white) the following results have been obtained. At birth, the live weight of crossbred bulls and heifers is lower by 8.1 and 5.7 kg, and already at 3 months - by 10.9 and 8.4 kg, at 18 months - by 50 and 25 kg higher compared to the live weight of purebred cattle. The average daily increase in the live weight of crossbred bulls for 18 months of experiment is 823 g, crossbred heifers - 697 g, which is 108 and 57 g higher than their purebred animals. At the age of 18 months heavier carcasses (36.6 kg from each bull and 13.7 kg from each calf) and more internal raw fat (3.2 kg from each bull and 1.3 kg from each calf) are obtained from mixed young animals. Crossbred bulls and heifers outperformed purebred cattle in slaughter yield by 1.5 and 1.3%, by the mass of the muscle part of the carcass - by 19.5 and 7.8 kg. The protein quality index of the longest back muscle in young animals of all groups is higher than five, which indicates the high quality of meat and its biological usefulness. At the same time, this indicator is slightly higher in crossbred animals. Industrial crossing of black-and-white cattle with Aberdeen-Angus bulls makes it possible to increase not only meat productivity, but also to increase the biological value of cattle meat.