Reflection of the theory and practice of problem-based learning by M.I. Makhmutov from the position of dialectic logic

The acute critical focus of the article is caused by the fact that pedotechnology, called problem-based learning, in the development of which M.I. Makhmutov played a leading role, is actively promoted among teachers without proper objective analysis, the implementation of which, based on the dialectical views of E.V. Ilyenkov, reveals all the inconsistency and irresponsibility of attempts to create a "new" theory of learning. In contrast to problem-based learning, where dialectics appears only as a slogan, the author presents the ideas of a Method of dialectical learning that has a real ability to solve the actual problem of forming dialectical (creative, critical) thinking in the educational process. The problem outlined in the article has not been sufficiently studied and requires urgent attention from the theorists of pedagogical science and teachers at all levels of education.