Some problem issues and desert of Nguyen Cong Tru in the eclaiming sea encroachment

Nguyen Cong Tru (1778 - 1858) was born in Uy Vien village, Nghi Xuan district, Nghe An town which now belongs to Nghi Xuan district, Ha Tinh province. He won the first prize in 1819 and was an outstanding figure at the end of the eighteenth century. He is a prominent military, economist and poet. Also, he was a descendant of the former Le dynasty, so he was trained early in the framework of feudal ideology and promoted Confucianism and theories of

Confucianism. Mentioning about him, people always remembered his contributions and contributions in the political field that represented the leadership of all reclamation people. In the expedition of Nguyen Cong Tru, typically the birth of Tien Hai district (Thai Binh) and Kim Son (Ninh Binh).

Firstly, the thought of the people, taking the people as the root, promoting the people, the necessity to exploit wasteland to improve people's lives. Nguyen Cong Tru advocates that people must be full first, then the leader.

From the end of the eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century, the number of communal lands at the end of Gia Long's early Minh Mieu period reduced sharply, causing the rural Red River delta to suffer a deep crisis and the people fell into trouble. "In 1803, the mandarins in North Thanh Hoa:" From the Tay Son rebellion, leaving all the old laws, many people changed their fields to invest in private fields.

It is for these reasons that farmers have to go to places which have no land to cultivate and abandon their homes and hometowns to go for adventure or rebel against the government. This makes the situation of the country become more and more unstable. The difficult life of the people before now becomes impoverished.

"From 1802 to 1806, in the towns of Hai Duong, Son Tay, Kinh Bac, Son Nam Thuong and Ha, Hoai Duc, Thai Nguyen, Hung Hoa, household of the 370 households went away to escape, taxation was less than 7. Ten thousand people, tax lacks 11 thousand things ”. By the beginning of 1927, "13 districts in Hai Duong town, the villagers lost 108 communes, villages and abandoned fields of 12,700 acres. I didn't pay anything last year []1, p. 102-103].

In many places, farmers fell into extreme circumstances, stalemate when they had no land to cultivate and earn a living. And the most serious situation is Nam Dinh and Thai Binh. In 1928, according to the Book of "Dai Nam Thap Luc,

Tap XI, Chinh Bien II of the 4th century", Minh Menh acknowledged: "Today Bac Thanh is bad and Nam Dinh is the most" [2, p. 91].

Farmers who abandoned their land and wandered around were an unstable phenomenon for the court. It foretold the peasant uprising coming out. Because adventure farmers are often the best aftermath of peasant revolts, the urgent issue that the Nguyen had to deal with right away was to attract adventure farmers to the nominal facilities so that they could reclaim wild land and after they had reclaimed wasteland, the land would be granted to so they can settle down.

Before the hardships, to save the poor, social stability and economic recovery, Nguyen Cong Tru was one of the first to see the urgency of clearing land. He proposed to advocate the coastal plain business. Therefore, in 1828, he offered to King Minh Menh asking for the issue of "declaring a wild field to secure the poor people". He stated very specifically:

Secondly, humanitarian tolerance in the acquisition of people in different subjects into the opening of wasteland (including those who committed crimes against the court) of Nguyen Cong Tru.

Nguyen Cong Tru asked to freely use the army of the uprising of the peasants who were fleeing the imperial court to use them to reclaim the wasteland. He said to Minh Me: "The people of Bac Thanh who were previously raped by thousands came and were afraid to flee, they had no way back, they could not escape and follow the enemy champions. Please let anyone who repented too much, then go to the Sales Department to confess the confession, according to the strength of the field level. The scattered land can be set up for a village of 15 people or more, then set up a camp, 18 or more people are set up as one armor, all are placed heads and heads of care. So the land has no place to give up [see 1, Book 13, p. 317]”.

His application for approval was accepted by King Minh Menh. The king also gave Nguyen Cong Tru the right to use "hide-and-seek" for the animal's head, but he immediately gave him a position as a porcelain businessman in charge of clearing wild land in the coastal areas of Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh provinces. . In the process of opening up, expanding the land of the Nguyen court, Tien Hai district (Thai Binh) was formed. Under the organization and command of Ambassador Nguyen Cong Tru, a large-scale reclamation in Tien Chau beach was conducted, proving a leap in the history of reclaiming in Vietnam.

Third, the idea of coastal mudflats is an invaluable asset necessary for the opening and improvement of people's lives. Nguyen Cong Tru is a person who directly emigrated and cleared wild land.

In the eyes of Nguyen Cong Tru, he recognized the generosity that nature bestowed on coastal alluvial areas, Tien Chau beach (also known as Tien alcohol, formed from the process of accretion of the Red River. , Lan River and Tra Ly River) at the same time, the soil was fertile, fertile land could be exploited into cultivated land. Nguyen Cong Tru's plea for reclaiming has opened the way for the serious impasse of contemporary society. By March 1828, serving the court, Nguyen Cong Tru went to a dragon boat to Tien Chau beach to directly command the wild invasion with unique and daring plans to calm people.

Nguyen Cong Tru organized a movement of people and people to Tien Chau waters to reclaim wild land. The court also gave him 7 money, rice and bamboo and bamboo to build houses. The cost of supporting this work is very specific: "1 reason (50 people) is granted 300 money to buy cattle and buffaloes, 40 to buy farm tools, 100 money to build houses; 1 hamlet (30 people) was granted money from 180 to buy cattle and buffaloes, 24 to buy farm tools, 60 money-makers to build houses; 1 farm (15 people) was bought by cattle at level 90, 12 officials bought farm tools, 30 money-makers built houses; 1 armor (10 people) was granted level 60 to buy cattle, 8 to buy farm tools and some money to build houses” [see 1, Book 56, p. 753]. These funds are not directly issued in cash but are delivered in kind. However, these subsidies were not enough to cover the need for reclamation, so Nguyen Cong Tru had to rely on recruiters. They are people who have enough money and put more effort to recruit farmers to come here to reclaim the hamlet.

To Tien Chau, Nguyen Cong Tru immediately organized the reclamation of wasteland. After more than 7 months, with the help of the imperial court and recruiters, a new district named Tien Hai was established, belonging to Kien Xuong district, Nam Dinh province. At that time, Tien Hai district had "7 total, including 14 officials, 27 hamlets, 10 borders, more than 2,350 people, the number of fields was more than 18,970 samples. Nguyen Cong Tru also established 4 hamlets, one camp in Ninh Cuong, Hai Cat, formed a total of Nam Chan district and 5 hamlets, 2 camps, 3 borders of Hoanh Nha, Giao Thuy and Nam Dinh districts [see 1, Book 56, p. 753].

Fourthly, the synchronous mastermind of Nguyen Cong Tru in reclaiming wild land (reclaiming associated with irrigation, river prevention, embankment ...)

In the wild reclamation in Tien Hai, in addition to providing money, farmers in the local villages were given priority to clear up the land adjacent to the former villages, to get more people in the places to set up new villages. Mainly separated from the former village. Nguyen Cong Tru specially encouraged to promote the traditional power in the former villages, giving priority to the former villages to open up the adjacent land to serve the reclamation. The local people are seen as the core component and on that basis attract more poor people in the villages, both work to promote reclamation, and work to solve the exile.

Settlement is based on the principle of completely voluntary, solidarity "the former brother and sister". New villages and hamlets were established based on the relocation of former villages, which had long-standing village relationships and long-standing customs and traditions, helping to create a more sustainable community. And the experiences of the former villages in the process of encroaching on the sea, distributing the land, were direct lessons for the business.

Nguyen Cong Tru cleverly inherited and enhanced those experiences into a form of business development at the peak, such as nurseries from gardens to new lands, quickly rooted to sprout.

The wild and muddy coastal areas have gradually turned into fertile and fertile villages thanks to the hard work, creativity and mutual support of the villagers. Also due to the dedication and enthusiasm of Nguyen Cong Tru and the graves. Therefore, by the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many villages and hamlets were established. Not only development of reclamation, coastal villages also develop marine industries such as fishing, aquaculture, salt making, etc. These industries have contributed a lot to the improvement of economic life. health of coastal people. And the development of coastal residents also contributed greatly to ensuring the coastal security of the country.

Thanks to the tireless work of the people, the wish of Nguyen Cong Tru business has come true. The system of Lan, Tra and Ca rivers is formed and plays an important role in repelling the threat of sea storms and tides, creating basic conditions to make Tien Chau beach deserted into saline land into cultivated land. .

When conducting the sales in Tien Chau, Nguyen Cong Tru also paid special attention to the development of irrigation to create a system of rivers and streams to irrigate the fields. The irrigation system in Tien Hai consists of hundreds of kilometers to make the big and small rivers turn the wild land of Tien Chau, which becomes tens of thousands of fertile fields of copper. Due to the effective and longterm irrigation effect, the proposed irrigation system of Nguyen Cong Tru is still used today as the core of the irrigation system.

Thus, the irrigation system in the joint venture in Tien Hai proved the importance of irrigation in reclaiming as well as in agricultural production. Nguyen Cong Tru was not the first person to recognize the role of irrigation in agricultural production but he knew how to properly assess the lessons of irrigation of coastal people in previous generations and with special talent. wise in his direction, he brought the reclamation and irrigation work in the early nineteenth century to achieve great achievements beyond the previous centuries. In less than 6 months, hundreds of kilometers of river dykes were dug, tens of thousands of acres of fields were formed, nearly 100 villages were established, ... It was really a "quick and strange" feat. often". But on the other hand, these achievements also show that in the technical condition is limited, but if the ruling class knows to take care of the people's life and boldly organize for the peasants to cooperate and promote reclaiming as Nguyen Cong Tru, the contracting labor force of the people 's island will bring tremendous creative achievements to develop agricultural production and promote society.

The work of reclamation is completed. In September 1828, under the pretext of Nguyen Cong Tru, the court approved the establishment of Tien Hai district. The reclamation work in Tien Hai achieved great and solid results, the area of cultivated land increased significantly, villages developed prosperity and social order was stabilized. Due to the right and creative undertakings of the Entrepreneur Nguyen Cong Tru, due to the "righteous law" made great achievements of the reclamation in Tien Hai that crystallized mainly in the private regime. career and military service. The reclamation was then responded to by the poor in the places where they actively responded. The policy of the people-founded village of Nguyen Cong Tru solved the requirement of accommodation for farmers in exile and extinguished the explosion of the peasant uprising at that time.

History has had many big reclamations taking place in the northern coastal plain, but the reclamation to establish Tien Hai district in the early nineteenth century was the biggest and most successful reclamation. The Tien Chau bandage was wild and wild, but not a shadow. Now, it has become Tien Hai district. The villages are lined up in square rows, the rivers are as vertical as the chessboard, the fields spread from the Long Hau River to the foot of the coastal dyke, forever shining the intellectual gold of the businessman Nguyen Cong Tru. The dikes stood out before the tidal storm; A network of rivers and lakes with salt and salt washes lead alluvial fresh water to the field, constantly enriching the hometown. It is the direct result of the hands of poor farmers in the early nineteenth century, the crystallization of countless perspiration, the experiences of success and failure of many generations of his fathers in the stormy land. wind wave.

After the success of the clearing of Tien Hai land, Nguyen Cong Tru continued to attack King Minh Mieu, asking for the clearing of coastal alluvial land in Ninh Binh. Approved by the king, he took the people to make a declaration. Reclaiming people include many components, coming from many places with different customs. In it, there are many people from the base of the Phan Ba Vanh revolt.

In this reclamation, the digging of rivers, embankment and construction of irrigation systems is a decisive task to both serve production and transport, and improve land. At the same time, this is also the boundary between the reason, hamlet, camp, armor so that they do not dispute, encroach on each other's fields. In total, Nguyen Cong Tru allowed people to excavate more than 30 large and small rivers and ditches with a length of over 100km, the volume of digging over 1 million m3 of soil. Therefore, this is considered as a system of irrigation reaching a scientific level and highly effective in the Northern Delta region during the feudal era.

"In March of the Suu year (1829), after 5 months of reclamation, Nguyen Cong Tru established Kim Son district with 5 generals, 3 rulers, 22 hamlets, 24 camps and 4 borders with 1,260 people to reclaim 14,620 samples" [see 1, Book 58, p. 827].

The reclamation of the establishment of the village, the establishment of the hamlet brought farmers back to the field, the village of the new hometown, creating conditions for the stabilization of social order so that people could cultivate and promote the agricultural economy. develope. At the same time strengthen the protection of coastal security. Production associated with fighting to keep the village, to keep the country helps to inherit and uphold the noble qualities of the Vietnamese nation, the tradition of solidarity and kindness, love for peace, democracy and social progress.

Creating that resounding success, there was a considerable part of the effort of the businessman Nguyen Cong Tru. He himself has successfully applied management principles: Reclaiming the sea to develop the economy for the people and repel riots, creating solidarity among the people. He was well aware of this and created resounding successes while bringing people to reclaim the sea.

In short, Nguyen Cong Tru was an outstanding economist in the first half of the nineteenth century with the thought of reclaiming the village, dike, encroaching on the sea, damming the river, contributing to stabilizing the people's life. His work is deeply valuable to the contemporary feudal society: settling the industry for the people, protecting the people, expanding the country and developing the country. These are also priceless lessons for the Party and State of Vietnam in later economic policies. These are the thoughts and actions in the nutrition career and the way of working with the people and people as the root, combining the state with the people well.