The structure of rail transport from the perspective of a systemic approach

The paper considers the organizational structure of railway transport as a necessary condition for its efficiency. In a systemic approach, railway transport becomes a super-system, which is further divided into systems and subsystems. For each of the identified systems, the categories of environment are defined: the external environment and the internal environment. The content of the external and internal environment is determined in relation to the structure of each of them, as well as their role in ensuring the sustainable and efficient functioning of railway transport as a whole.