Tugai plants distributed in the territory of Namangan region ecological and taxonomic analysis

The groves of the Fergana Valley were formed on the left bank of the Syrdarya and now cover 4.2% of the region's area. Today, the geographical distribution, structure, area and ecological balance of the tugai are changing and shrinking from year to year due to the economic activities of mankind due to the conversion of the river area into hayfields. In addition, the natural development and evolution of tugai is influenced by the water regime of the rivers. The construction of many hydraulic structures in the river valleys, such as reservoirs, hydroelectric dams, dams and canals, has led to violations of the laws of interaction of naturally-historically formed components in the valleys and caused environmental problems.

In 1967, the area of tugai in the Fergana Valley was 89,819 hectares. Most of the territory of Namangan region is occupied by tugai forests, and by 1979, the area of tugai in Namangan region decreased to 37,207 hectares. The most lost tugai during this period were in Uychi, Pop, Jalal-Abad districts.

One of the plant species that has undergone significant changes under the influence of anthropogenic factors in the Fergana Valley is tugai. The tugai forests in the central part of the valley have for centuries been a collection of plant communities that are closest to human settlements and have been under its influence. Their areas of distribution, the composition of communities, and especially their structural structure have undergone major changes.

Z.A. According to Maylun (1983), there are more than 285 plant species in the tugai forests of Uzbekistan. Of these, 190 species, ie 60% of the total species are species specific to tugai.

M.M. According to Arifkhanova (1967), the type of tugai forests in the Fergana Valley is divided into two formations:

• 1)    Turongilzor formation;

• 2)    Formation of jingles.

Of these, the Turangulzor formation unites into its composition the plant communities dominated by turangi, which are the most common in tugai forests. The floristic composition of the plant species that make up the tugai is low. Tree and shrub species are involved with a small number of plant species. The peculiar climatic conditions lead to the formation of a species composition of plants peculiar to the tugai. Most of the species that grow here do not have a summer dormancy period. M.M. Arifkhanova (1967) in her book "Growth of the Fergana Valley" gave detailed information about all plant species present in the area.

Among the plant species growing in tugai forests, there are no plant species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. On the contrary, in recent years, the composition of plant species with a wide range of tugai forests and valued as weeds has been expanding. This situation is due to the uncontrolled use of tugai forests, unregulated grazing of livestock.

The plant species in the tugai mainly belong to 5 families. They contain about 35% of the total tugai species.

Leading families of tugai flora (Maylun, 1983).

Plant species distributed in tugai forests were analyzed for their response to moisture conditions.

Diagram 1.

In terms of ecological analysis (%) of tugai species in relation to moisture conditions

• □ species well adapted to periodic floods and relative humidity

• ■ located near.

• 2 .Opredelitel rasteniy Central Asia: Crete. abstract flora. - Tashkent: Fan, 19681993. TT. I-X.

• 3 .Pratov U. Marevye Ferganskoy valley. - Tashkent: Fan, 1970. - 168 p.

• 4 .Naralieva N.M., Ibroximova G.A. About the taxa of the family Chenopodiaceae in the Pop-Chust hills. // News of the National University of Uzbekistan. 2011, Special issue. 61-63 b.

• 5 .Agroclimatic resources of Namangan, Andijan, Fergana regions (Fergana valley) of the Uzbek SSR. - Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1977. - 196 p.

species adapted to groundwater species growing on riverbanks relatively arid

Another biological feature of tugai plants is that they exhibit a wide range of plasticity during ontogeny relative to factors associated with soil salinization and rapid drying (F.N. Rusanov, 1967).

The study of tugai from an ecological point of view, the definition of measures to preserve the tugai landscape is a requirement of the time. Therefore, it is expedient to develop and implement plans for the protection of tugai in conjunction with the State Committee for Nature Protection, to address the problems of biodiversity conservation in these areas.