Scientific, technological and innovation development. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Import substitution as a factor in the development of domestic digital technology
Статья научная
According to global economic development trends, digital technology is a necessary factor in increasing competitiveness, labor productivity, reducing resource costs and optimizing business processes. In Russia, its development is one of the factors that drive the economy. As a result of the changing geopolitical situation, large foreign companies operating in the field ofdigitalization have begun to withdraw from the Russian market since 2022. This has brought to the fore the problem of import substitution (development of own digital and information technology) at the state and corporate level. Addressing the issue of import substitution will not only reduce imports, but also increase the production of high-tech goods and support domestic producers. In this regard, the aim of the study is to identify barriers to and opportunities for import substitution of digital technology in Russia. Based on the systematization and review of scientific works in the field of import substitution, we highlight approaches to its implementation. The article substantiates the need to implement the third approach in the context of Russian reality. We analyze the volume of high-tech exports of Russia as compared to other countries. We assess the high-tech export trajectory pursued by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the context of commodity groups that promote digitalization. We highlight trends and problems of import substitution in the field of digitalization and investigate support measures and state policy aimed at import substitution in the field of digital technology and developments. As a result of the research, we have designed a toolkit to support the development of domestic digital technology based on import substitution. Using the toolkit helps to present the contribution of economic entities and its specifics in the field of information technology. Proposals have been prepared for the formation of an import substitution strategy in the field of digital technology, taking into account industry specifics. The results of the study can be applied by the state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of digitalization.
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Technological sovereignty projects as a tool for innovative development of the Russian economy
Статья научная
Currently, in the new geopolitical context and amid external restrictions imposed by the West, the achievement of technological sovereignty is becoming the most important feature of a new emerging development model for Russia. In this regard, there is a need to find new and most effective ways and tools to address this problem. Our work considers the issue of implementing the project approach and the transition to a full innovation cycle economy through the formation of technological sovereignty projects that are pointed out as the main tool for ensuring technological independence as stated in the Concept for Technological Development of the Russian Federation up to 2030. Special attention is paid to the development of scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of such a tool in the context of analyzing the existing accumulated experience in the implementation of projects of a full innovation cycle, primarily comprehensive scientific and technological programs and projects implemented in the light of the objectives contained in the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation adopted in 2016. We point out the importance of defining the boundaries of the full innovation cycle, which is interpreted by researchers in different ways. Since technological sovereignty projects are designed to turn into a tool for building their own reproduction chains, they should not end with the introduction of new technology; rather, they should enter mass production and contain a detailed investment component for the creation and reconstruction of production facilities. In this regard, we analyze the procedure for selecting priority areas for the development of technological sovereignty projects and their resource provision; we assess the effectiveness of state tools for supporting such projects; and propose measures to improve the organization of the process of formation and implementation of technological sovereignty projects. The implementation of the package of measures we put forward should help accelerate scientific and technological development and reduce Russia’s technological dependence.
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