Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
A comparison of innovation strategies of regional development agencies in Turkey
Статья научная
This paper aims to assess the regional innovation system of Turkey by comparing regional innovation strategies developed by regional development agencies. Focusing on the specific regional innovation strategy documents and addressing first, reports, researches and publications on the official websites of the agencies, and next, the in-depth interviews conducted with the representatives of regional development agencies by phone and/or e-mail, the paper examines and comparatively evaluates the efforts of the regional development agencies contributing to the regional innovation system. Comparative evaluation reveals that some regional development agencies have created a specific regional innovation strategy whereas the others have not yet developed such strategies, but conduct various studies on different innovation dimensions, although these studies are exclusive and far from a holistic approach. The comparative evaluation also reveals that regional innovation strategies differ in terms of regional priorities. Nevertheless, similar strategies developed by regional development agencies address the following issues: developing the research and innovation culture; research and innovation infrastructure; institutional structure; human resources; financial resources; effective communication, cooperation and coordination; entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem; awareness of innovation activities; clusters; priority sectors; social innovation; intellectual property rights and commercialization. Although there are some efforts to improve the regional innovation systems by regional development agencies, the comparative evaluation demonstrates that they have not yet reached the desired level of producing a holistic regional innovation strategy and they should be more effective as a key actor in the regional innovation systems.
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Статья научная
The paper systematizes problems of territorial development from the perspective of the theories and concepts that are characteristic of traditional socio-economic geography. These problems include the area-integrated, nodal-economic and territorial-industrial ones. The role of socio-economic geography in finding scientific explanation and solution to these problems becomes more important, since it has research programs that reveal the dialectic of the knowledge of territorial organization of society and economy based not on a single theory or on a set of theories, but on their interdisciplinary synthesis. The research program is relatively autonomous from practice and gives it only its most important results that can be used for the organization of program-target management, as well. The goal of the paper is to include an analysis of the relationship between the categories “problem” and “program” in the methodology of research on territorial organization of economy. Based on the experience of national and foreign research, we show that the “problem-program” combination gives an additional effect in the scientific explanation of territorial development, if the “problem” is presented in the form of a complex theoretical or practical question, the answer to which requires both basic and new knowledge, while the “research program” is presented as one of the main units of science (according to I...
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A difficult road after the Rubicon
Статья научная
February 24, 2022, the RF President announced the beginning of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine, which entailed large-scale geopolitical changes and, among other things, became a Rubicon for the internal development of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes a number of complex implications that resulted from the events occurring after February 24, 2022, and which had a significant impact on the state of Russian society. We consider in detail the dynamics of the moral state of Russian society for the period from 1996 to 2020, which (as shown by the results of the conducted research) over the past almost 25 years were negative and were developing within the framework of the existing liberal model. Analyzing the data of official statistics and sociological surveys, we rely on the assessments of experts, who, in many respects, agree that after February 2022, a new, albeit difficult, road opens up before Russia; the country has to travel this path one way or another, in order to achieve full (internal and external) national sovereignty in the contours and rules of the new geopolitical reality that are forming before our eyes.
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Статья научная
Amid the coronavirus pandemic in Russia, the financial situation of households is deteriorating, as well as their ability to provide themselves with a full-fledged and balanced diet with an optimal content of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. The aim of the work is to conduct a forecasting assessment of the affordability of a balanced diet for households in the context of various scenarios of the economic and epidemiological situation. The applied research methodology involves creating a comprehensive agent-based model reflecting the course of demographic and economic processes that determine food production, people’s income and health. When assessing the affordability of a balanced diet, we consider the number and income of households and the share of income allocated for the purchase of foodstuffs. The information content of the model is based on data arrays available at the websites of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, ministries and departments; we also use the data of a product prices monitoring conducted specifically for this purpose. We develop balanced diets that ensure the intake of 75 and 90% of key vitamins and minerals with the necessary caloric content. The products included in the diets are optimized by price; on the basis of the results of the prices monitoring, we estimate the cost of the diets and their affordability for the population in each region of the Russian Federation, according to the data as of 2020. The affordability of diets in different regions varies greatly: from 35% in the Chechen Republic to 95% in Moscow, with an average value of 83%. Scenario-based modeling of the affordability of high-quality food for Russian population is carried out for the period through to 2025. Under the optimistic scenario, there is a decrease in the affordability of diets to 81%; under the conservative and pessimistic scenarios, we observe a steady decline in the affordability of vitamin diets to 76 and 72%, respectively. The results we have obtained indicate serious risk of deterioration of the quality of nutrition of Russian residents; it is associated with falling incomes and rising food prices. Besides, within the framework of scenario-based calculations, we have determined the amount of subsidies to be provided to low-income population groups so that they could afford a balanced diet.
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A framework for a new social contract is being formed in Russia
Статья научная
The development of the foreign policy situation and the course of actions in the area of the special military operation indicate that the SMO is becoming protracted. This was emphasized by the President of the Russian Federation at the meeting of the Council for Civil Society and Human Rights (December 7, 2022) and at the expanded meeting of the Board of the RF Ministry of Defense (December 21, 2022). Therefore, the situation itself urges the Russian leadership and the entire ruling vertical to set goals and tasks aimed to comprehensively change the Russian society so that the country could achieve full national sovereignty and competitiveness in the 21st century. In this regard, many experts say that currently in Russia in the context of the SMO the prerequisites are being created for the formation of a new Social Contract, as well as new criteria for the coexistence and interaction of society and government, which will become relevant after all the goals of the special military operation have been achieved. In the article, we consider new features of civil society that are evolving into the outlines of a new Social Contract; factors that contribute to and hinder this process; conditions that need to be implemented in order for these still disparate contours to develop into concrete, real-life points of the Social Contract, supported by the majority of the population and determining the legitimacy of power at the new historical stage of Russia’s development.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the publication of the book: Adamesku A. A. Pervaya General'naya skhema: opyt ob”edineniya nauchnykh organizatsii dlya obosnovaniya perspektivnogo razmeshcheniya proizvoditel'nykh sil [The First General Scheme: the experience of research organizations consolidation for the purpose of substantiating the strategic distribution of productive forces]. Moscow: SOPS, 2016. 328 p.
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A new liberal class in Japan: based on latent class analysis
Статья научная
Presently, in Japanese politics, the majority of people opt to vote for conservative parties, with anti-conservatives and old liberals losing power and representation in the government. This study explores the emerging middle-class who may potentially lead to an alternative liberal politics in Japan. Using responses to an Internet survey conducted in 2018 as our data, we articulate features of a new liberal class by constructing a theory of class articulation and combining that theory with latent class analysis to compare the new liberals to old liberals and conservatives. This is the first attempt to apply latent class analysis to figure out differences in political orientations among possible social classes. We analyze some personality traits of the new liberals using our original 18 personality categories. We also analyze their social attitudes by comparing their questionnaire responses to those of old liberals. Although our analysis shows that new liberals are not experiencing upward social mobility, their personalities as defined by our study constitute a new political class, that is particularly sensitive to the environmental issues, and prefer the nature and minimal consumption. We discovered that these new liberals are in their sixties, graduates of university or graduate school, professionals, and low-income people. We have also discovered that although these new liberals are a coherent political class, they have no representations in our political party system. However, further research based on mail survey especially for elderly people should be conducted in order to conceive more precise features of new liberals.
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A new stage of Russian history: trends, specifics and prospects
Статья научная
The article discusses the trends and specifics of public sentiment in Russia in the1990s-2010s; it analyzes key events of the recent years that led to the understanding of the present stage of social development as a new era of the post-Soviet period. The authors consider the interaction between the society and authorities, the role of scientific knowledge in the improvement of public administration efficiency, the development civil society, and also several promising opportunities and current issues of social science. The article presents the experience of sociological research carried out by ISEDT RAS at the regional level. The authors discuss key factors that determine the efficiency of interaction between the society and authorities and the success of Russia's further development.
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A short history of Japanese sociology: its historical legacies and future dreams
Ред. заметка
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A solid “mandate of trust”: 76 million people voted for Vladimir Putin’s fifth presidential term
Статья научная
According to the results of the presidential election held in Russia on March 17, 2024, more than 76 million people voted for the current head of state Vladimir Putin (87% of those who took part in the vote); this is almost twofold greater than in his first presidential election (on March 26, 2000, 40 million, or 53% of the voters who participated in the election, voted for Vladimir Putin). The article analyzes reasons for such a solid “mandate of trust” that the President obtained; they include not only the support of the majority of Russians for the general course of national development implemented by Vladimir Putin, but also the specifics of the historical period during which the 2024 presidential election was held, as well as the results of voting on the territory of the new RF constituent entities that joined Russia after the 2014 coup in Ukraine. In the context of the ongoing special military operation and lingering threats to national security, the internal situation in Russia, which determines popular support for the President, is of particular importance. In this regard, we draw attention to the importance of effective (full-fledged and timely) implementation of the election promises of the head of state, which Vladimir Putin announced in his Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on February 29, 2024. The fulfiilment of the tasks set by the President for the period up to 2030 largely depends on the elites in the system of public administration; therefore, at the beginning of a new political cycle and Vladimir Putin’s fifth presidential term (2024-2030) a lot will depend on the new Government of the Russian Federation, whose composition will be announced in May 2024, after the presidential inauguration. With the help of expert assessments, statistical data and the results of sociological surveys we analyze reasons for the incomplete fulfillment of instructions and tasks that Vladimir Putin outlined in his previous election speeches, and in relation to the current situation we conclude that the key conditions for further implementation of the national development course are the achievement of all the goals of the special military operation and the continuation of the process of nationalization of the elites. The article presents calculations based on official data of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation on the results of the presidential elections of 2024 and 2018 in all constituent entities and federal districts of the Russian Federation. We analyze the allRussian dynamics of turnout and voting results in ah presidential elections in Russia for the period from 2000 to 2024. We make an overview of expert assessments regarding the work of the RF Government headed by M.V. Mishustin. The facts showing the presence of acute unresolved problems in the system of public administration are collected and systematized in key areas of national development.
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Статья научная
In recent years, with the shift and violent development of economic globalization and sciences and technology, the connection between counties and citizens all over the world has become more and more intimate, so that the international tourism develops quickly and has become one of the important revenue sources gradually. In 2013, China proposed the new strategic thought of One Belt, One Road (the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road). Jiangxi province will bring its local regional superiority to full play under the guidance of the strategic thought, and powerfully cooperate with neighboring provinces and cities, in order to actively participate in the international tourism market and attempt to make its international tourism bigger and stronger. As the national strategic pillar industry, tourism plays an important role in the regional industrial structure adjustment and upgrade. Possessing the characteristics of strong integration, high interactivity and wide expansibility, tourism is the important engine to accelerate the development of urban economy...
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Статья научная
The development of the Russian economy, including through large-scale introduction of digital technology and artificial intelligence technology, requires appropriate resources. Qualified personnel is one of them. The need for trained specialists poses important questions to state institutions - whom to train and in what quantity; this, in turn, demands a detailed elaboration on the issue of staffing requirement. The article presents the results of development of a classification system of artificial intelligence technology for solving personnel forecasting problems. Theoretical significance of the research findings consists in the creation of a classification system that structures existing knowledge about technologies in the field of artificial intelligence and has the potential to gain new knowledge. The novelty of the approach to the classification of artificial intelligence technologies consists in using a three-component structure of technologies “methods tools - application areas” and adjusting the classification to suit the tasks of forecasting the demand of the economy for personnel with competencies in the field of artificial intelligence. The classification is based on the results of analysis of scientific publications on AI (journals of the first quartile Q1 and conferences of the A/A* level). “The Systematic Literature Review” method was used for their research. All thematic publications indexed in Scopus were also analyzed. Practical significance of the results is revealed in relation to the tasks of personnel forecasting in the field of artificial intelligence. The developed classification makes it possible to structure the personnel need at different levels of refinement of artificial intelligence technologies. Another direction in the development of the proposed classification is to compare competencies (knowledge, skills and practical experience) in popular groups of professions with components of artificial intelligence technologies (methods, tools, applications) to design educational programs in the relevant field. The proposed classification has the potential for development: one of the ways is an expert assessment of priority areas for the development of artificial intelligence. The article presents an overview of the results of application of the classification.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the problem of high mortality of able-bodied population as a major cause of depopulation and the structural transformation of the population in Russia and Belarus. The authors consider the tendencies and characteristics of the demographic development of the Union State in comparison with the EU countries. The main reasons for the able-bodied population super-mortality have been revealed, and the time intervals, which are necessary to achieve the European average mortality level under the rates of its decline, have been predicted. There is a review of public policy in this area.
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About middle class theory: history and modern times
Статья научная
The article analyses the problem of the middle class that had been denoted in the works of Aristotle as far back as in ancient society and that was of interest to social thinkers during the Renaissance and Modern Age periods. At present this issue has been actively discussed both in foreign and in the Russian press. The authors of the article show the reasons for frequent contradictions between the assessments concerning the size of the middle class in Russian society (including the Vologda Oblast) and the prospect for the increase in the share of middle stratum.
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About the prospects for development of the region on the basis of interregional cooperation
Статья научная
The paper considers issues related to the development of interregional economic cooperation. The primary hypothesis is the thesis that the strengthening of interregional relations is an important factor in regional economic development. This thesis is confirmed by analysis and generalization of several scientific theories. Using an industrialized region of Russia (Vologda Oblast) as a case study, the authors test their own methodological tools of activization of interregional cooperation as a factor in the development of economy in an industrialized region. The general logic of using this tool involves three main interrelated steps: informational-analytic, target and implementation. The information-analytical step involves collection, systematization and analysis of the materials that constitute the necessary information base. The target step defines possible solutions to the problems related to interregional cooperation of the Vologda Oblast, forms the targets and objectives (taking into account national goals and regional tasks of industrial development), highlights the priorities of work in this area and calculates possible consequences of their implementation...
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Статья обзорная
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