A contrastive study оf sentence elements in Russian and Korean languages

Despite the many active exchanges that have taken place in various fields between Korea and Russia over the last 20 years, there is an obvious lack of analysis of data in the field of linguistics. In addition to the differences in the perspective of language in Russian linguistics of Russia and Russian linguistics of Korea, the opinions of scholars of the two countries differ as well. Firstly, research about the Korean language in Russia has been mainly conducted based on classical history and classical literature of the country while Korean grammar was studied based on “native language”. This caused a large amount of inconsistencies and mistakes to arise in turn as the system of sentence elements greatly differs between Korean and Russian. Korean has long been regarded as belonging to the Altaic family of languages, the syntax of which is characterized by the absence of a mandatory grammar category, the absence of a subordinate-equalitarian mechanism of sentence complexity, and a lack of analytical syntax [Brechalova, 2009. p. 197]. In addition, there are numerous other complicated syntactic structures, the notation of the relation between noun phrases and verb phrases, the possibility of single and auxiliary use of verbs, and nested structures [Brechalova, 2008. p. 28]. In addition, Korean sentences most commonly consist of a combination of “main ideas” and “inner ideas”, which causes a lot of syntactic ambiguities in the parsing process due to one or more expressions appearing in any given sentence. Most of these are due to the problem of sphere attachment that arises from the range of nested structure formulas [Lee, Yong-suk, 2008. p. 50]. Moreover, Korean is an unstructured language with frequent omissions and free words [Lee, Yong-Yong, 2008. p. 52]. In order to analyze Korean texts, the application of terms and analytical methods developed in Korean linguistics by famous Korean scholars Nam Gisim and Go Yeonggun is being proposed. This article serves as the first step in this process by comparing systems of Russian and Korean sentence elements in order to present the key differences between the two languages.