Концепция социальной эксклюзии как новая методология исследования истории советского общества: возможности, проблемы, перспективы

Modern historical science is still in search of new methodological foundations, which, on the one hand, will make it possible to supplement existing approaches to the history of Soviet society, on the other hand, will help to take a different look at already known problems, and will also become a way to study the "blank spots" of the historical past. One of these new methodological approaches can be the concept of social exclusion, which is quite widely used in other social and human sciences, but has not been updated in historical research. In this regard, this paper is an attempt at methodological understanding of some issues of the social development of Soviet society in the 1920s-1930 from the point of view of the concept of social exclusion. In accordance with the typology of social exclusion proposed by M. Wolf, the author analyzes exclusion depending on the means of subsistence, social services, consumer culture, political choice, public organizations and social solidarity, the possibility of understanding what is happening in relation to the study of the everyday life of various social categories - workers, representatives of the former aristocracy, disabled citizens, party workers, etc. The results of the study show that the concept of social exclusion, despite some problems of its use in historical terms, has wide possibilities and prospects in the analysis of historical processes. In combination with anthropological and microhistorical approaches to history, this allows a deeper study of the life of people, in particular, those who lived during the period of great achievements and dramas of the Soviet period, without its unnecessary glorification and demonization.