Концептуальные подходы к демографическому воспроизводству и демографическая политика

Conceptual approaches to demographic reproduction and demographic policy

The topic of the research is the concepts of demographic policy and new national projects in the light of their continuity. The object of the study is the main provisions of conceptual documents on demographic and family policy. The purpose of the study is to identify the degree of continuity in the goals and objectives of demographic development in Russia in connection with the adoption of new development goals for 2036 and new national projects. The research methods are a comparative analysis of documents from federal institutions and an analysis of similar solutions from other countries that could be tested. The results of the study show that there is no clear distinction between demographic and family policies in the new national projects being developed, and that they are oversaturated with information and tasks that are not directly related to these types of social policy. Using the example of feldsher-midwife stations, which have been decreasing since 2014 even during the pandemic, it was concluded that without changing such trends, achievement of the main goal of 2036 - improving the well-being of citizens - is impossible. The public health system plays a vital role in the full development and well-being of children, and it needs significant improvement. The conclusion is substantiated that it is unlawful to criticize maternity capital due to the possible increase in dependency - this phenomenon is inevitable with any type of social payments, but it is insignificant compared to the overall good of the benefits. The real disadvantage of maternal (family) capital is lack of a differentiated scale of payments depending on family income. The absolute priority of demographic policy at this stage of achieving the national development goals should be reducing mortality, primarily excess mortality among working-age males.