Structural semantic analysis of the lexical field of the word denoting positive feeling

The field is a high degree of abstraction, what happens based on the definition meaning common to all values of structure elements regardless of their belonging to one or another morphological category. For the semantic field, the presence of a common (integral) semantic feature that unites all units of the field and usually expressed by a lexeme with a generalized meaning (archilexeme) and the presence private (differential) characteristics, according to which the units of the field differ from each other. Integral semantic features in certain conditions can act as differential.

Thus, the lexico-semantic field is a collection interacting and interdependent lexical units belonging to different parts of speech and expressing concepts of varying degrees of complexity. It is a complex, multifaceted unity of lexical units, having a heterogeneous structure. The lexico-semantic field reflects complex picture of the world, multidimensional connection of realities, their similarities, differences, juxtapositions. In a particular text, semantic fields are represented as its individual components (words), between which a connection arises, existing in parallel with the obvious connection between words in the text. The work under review is related to the text-centric study "the content of vocabulary, in which the study is carried out in the direction from speech units, from the text to the consideration of categorical and individual semantics of a word to the extent that it determines the meaning of a separate utterance or text as a whole. In text-centric analysis, at first plan put forward a comparison of generally accepted and stipulated by the text meanings, the latter is not recorded in explanatory dictionaries; comes to light the specificity of the meaning of the word in the text is the increment of meanings, style change word belonging, place and function in lexocentric epidigmatics and paradigmatics, the textual significance of the word as a means of artistic characterization of someone/something.

Discussion

The significance of a word in a literary text is very rarely identical according to the volume of its content corresponding to the "system", codified (fixed in explanatory dictionaries) meaning of the word, since subjective associations, situational connotations and other layers. Lexical units are constantly under pressure and impact of all elements artistic system of the work, as a result of which the dictionary meaning (i.e. the content firmly fixed to the sign) and acquired meanings (i.e. the content with which signs are filled with specific use in text) merge, forming a completely new meaning. Meaning specific artistic text is thus open and reconstructed by the reader within the limits of semantic possibilities, given by text. The predominance of meaning over its meaning is the specificity of artistic text. In this regard, the content of the text is considered as complex. Semantic phenomenon, the understanding of which involves the analysis of implicit semantic mechanisms, since the text, "being the final sphere of exit functions of language elements in the process of speech formation, is the formation is sign-thematic: in the text, disclosure is carried out a certain topic, which combines all its parts into an informational unity” (MJ.Blokh).

Emotions are one of the forms of reflection of reality, they form an integral part of human existence and play essential role in human life. In the process of knowing the real in reality, a person does not remain indifferent to the objects and phenomena, he reacts to them and expresses his attitude. This is attitude is expressed in different assessments, feelings, which, in turn, find expression in language. Emotivism is a category that directly reflects in the text and at the level of the content of the work (plot), and has an extensive system of linguistic expression. Under emotive signs (emotive) is understood as all vocabulary that reflects emotions, i.e. emotional vocabulary is proposed to be understood as the totality of all lexical means that usually designate different aspects of emotiveness as representation of emotions in language.

Emotional lexeme includes:

• -    Lexical units that name emotions and feelings of a person;

• -    Lexical units that describe various manifestations of emotions and feelings of a person (evaluation words qualifying objects, subject and phenomena; words characterizing the behavior of the subject states in a typical situation of experiencing emotions, etc.),

• -    Lexical units, the emotional significance of which is created when the help of word-formation means;

• -    Lexical units that acquire emotional coloring in context.

However, it should be noted that since the English language is not affixes of quality and subjective evaluation (diminutives, magnifying, derogatory, flattering, etc.), the provision on a group of words whose emotional significance is created with the help of derivational means, it is not applicable to it and, accordingly, not is reflected in the present study.

Thus, emotional vocabulary is a wide coverage of heterogeneous lexical material. Lexico-semantic field "positive emotions" includes different categorical means and is a complex (complex) multidimensional polycentric structure, whose components are associated, according to A. Vezhbitskaya, with hypothetical thoughts "something very good happened."

Emotional lexeme has significant weight in disclosure emotional plan of the text, because it allows you to name, describe and express emotional states, and is also the basis for an adequate understanding of the literary text by readers.

The composition of the lexico-semantic field "positive emotions" includes words of different parts of speech, united by a common semantic component "positive emotion" and forming series of lexically parallel words (a number of lexically parallel words - association based on a common semantic feature that represents interclass relations like happy - happiness -happily).

Lexica-semantic field "positive emotions" of the novel Jane Austen "Pride and Prejudice" is divided into seven thematic groups / micro fields (lexica-thematic micro field / group - a layer of vocabulary, identified as part of the lexica-semantic field as a whole and denoting specific subject area): joy, fun, satisfaction, pleasure, tranquility, love and emotional manifestations.

Conclusion

The stability of the general composition and main characteristics of the lexical-semantic field "positive emotions" demonstrates, in our opinion, that the distinguished differences in the composition and characteristics of a given field in each of the work under study as a whole depend on the individual author's features of the use of emotional lexical units, style, motives and intentions of a particular author.