Теоретические основы обучения одаренных студентов в высших учебных заведениях на основе дифференцированного подхода

DOI:

Educational institutions around the world recognize the importance of talent development to improve academic performance and attract people with advanced competencies.

From the first years of independence, our country has been implementing targeted measures to create the necessary conditions and opportunities for raising a healthy and harmonious generation, realizing the potential of young people, and training competitive personnel in the labor market that meets the requirements of the times. The development of society cannot be developed without science, because science assumes the tasks of production, the creation of its material base, technological development, and most importantly, personnel. After all, as our President emphasized, “We will mobilize all the forces and capabilities of our state and society so that our youth can develop and be happy, becoming independent-thinking, highly intellectual and spiritual people who are unmatched by their peers in any field in the world”.

As a result of the influx of advanced technologies and foreign investments in our republic, the task of preparing for the labor market is to prepare highly qualified, comprehensively developed, capable of meeting the demands of the modern era, deeply knowledgeable, passionate about their field, and capable of independent thinking, in accordance with the current requirements of higher and secondary specialized education systems [1,2].

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The materials for this research include scientific literature on the topic of differentiated education, talent development models such as Renzulli's Three Rings Model and Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Additionally, practical examples of implementing differentiated education in higher education institutions were analyzed, including programs for enriching educational content and project-based learning.

The methods used in this study involved general scientific techniques such as analysis, comparison, and generalization of scientific publications. The analysis included examining criteria for identifying gifted students, methods of working with them, and pedagogical technologies that contribute to developing their abilities. Comparisons were made between different theoretical models of talent development and their practical application in higher education. Generalization allowed for formulating common principles and approaches to implementing differentiated education in higher education institutions. The study also considered approaches to diagnosing and forming groups of gifted students, taking into account their individual characteristics and interests.

The research was limited by the availability of scientific publications and the lack of a unified diagnostic methodology for using a differentiated approach. However, this allowed for identifying the relevance of developing individual educational trajectories for gifted students in higher education.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

If we look at the past of the Uzbek people, our ancestors have always paid attention to improving the intellectual abilities of young people and it was their constant and practical dream. Achieving such a dream was the main goal not only of the head of the family or mentors in educational institutions, but also of the wise men and intellectuals of our country (scholars, poets, writers, historians, hadith scholars, etc.) and just rulers. In particular, Abu Nasr al-Farabi's Society of Virtues, Yusuf Khos Hajib's "Knowledge Leading to Happiness", as well as the teachings of At-Tirmidhi, Ahmad Yassawi, Imam al-Bukhari, Bahauddin Naqshband, Hoja Ahrari Wali, Al-Marginani, An-Nasafi, Az-Zamakhshari, Najmiddin Kubro, Ya'qub Charhi, Khoja Muhammad Porso, Mahdumi Azam Khojagon, Kasani, Khoja Yusuf Hamadani, Abdulhaliq Gijdivani and others in the field of science and hadith, and the worldly discoveries of Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn Sina's medicine, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni's encyclopedic science and social and moral views, Amir Temur's statehood and regulations and his just social and organizational work, Mirza Ulugbek's teachings about the universe, Mirza Babur's education ("Hatti Baburi") In the field of reform, Alisher Navoi's teachings calling for a just society and enlightenment were deeply expressed in the teachings of the Mamun Academy [3,4].

Talents in higher education extend beyond traditional measures of intelligence, encompassing cognitive abilities, creativity, and leadership qualities that contribute to academic and professional success. The model for developing mega talents emphasizes the adaptability of these abilities and underscores the importance of general knowledge competencies and domain-specific skills in achieving high results.

Pedagogical and didactic research highlights various models for identifying and developing talented students, among which the Schoolwide Enrichment Model (SEM) stands out.

Talented students in higher education possess exceptional knowledge abilities that manifest in their remarkable analytical skills. These qualities enable them to effectively analyze and synthesize large volumes of information, which is crucial for successfully completing complex academic tasks and conducting scientific research. Their ability to deeply understand material and identify connections between different fields is significantly above average, transforming them into not only outstanding students but also innovators in their areas of expertise [5].

The creativity of talented students in higher education is expressed through their original and nonstandard thinking abilities. This capability allows them to develop innovative approaches and solutions in various academic and professional fields. Their unique perspectives on problems and ability to creatively integrate knowledge contribute to the advancement of innovation and cutting-edge research.

Talent models in higher education settings include:

• 1.    Renzulli's Three Rings Model: This model is relevant to higher education because it emphasizes the need to integrate three key components: high intelligence, creativity, and achievement drive.

• 2.    Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences: This theory holds significant importance in higher education as it expands the concept of intelligence beyond traditional academic boundaries. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is crucial in higher education, as it broadens the notion of intelligence outside conventional academic paradigms.

Renzulli's “three rings” concept of talent emphasizes the integration of high intelligence, creativity, and motivation in identifying gifted individuals, which is important for higher education institutions. Developed by Renzulli and Reis, this model aims to identify students with exceptional abilities and provide them with appropriate opportunities to enrich them. Renzulli's “three rings” concept of talent emphasizes the integration of high intelligence, creativity, and motivation in identifying

Ц High Intelligence

В Creativity

Achievement Drive gifted individuals, which is important for higher education institutions. Developed by Renzulli and Reis, this model aims to identify students with exceptional abilities and provide them with appropriate opportunities to enrich them. This holistic approach is consistent with Renzulli's model, as it recognizes the importance of creativity in educational settings, along with intelligence and motivation. In higher education settings, these aspects help students achieve outstanding academic and research results [6]. Intelligence allows for indepth analysis of complex concepts, creativity encourages innovative approaches to problem solving, and motivation supports efforts towards academic and professional achievement.

This theory encompasses various types of intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential, providing a comprehensive understanding of human potential. Research shows that applying Gardner's theory in education, including Islamic education, can enhance students' potential, talent, and abilities through various teaching methods and strategies (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Renzulli's Three Rings Model illustrating the integration of high intelligence, creativity, and ACHIEVEMENT DRIVE AS ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS FOR IDENTIFYING AND NURTURING GIFTED INDIVIDUALS IN HIGHER EDUCATION settings.

Furthermore, research indicates that higher education students demonstrate various levels of logical-mathematical intelligence while excelling in interpersonal, naturalistic, and intrapersonal intelligences. Overall, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences plays a crucial role in higher education by recognizing and developing diverse intellectual capabilities beyond traditional academic criteria

A differentiated approach in higher education is crucial for providing high-quality education to talented students. Talented students require an individualized teaching approach that compels them to engage comprehensively with the content, participate in stimulating activities, and demonstrate their knowledge through various tasks. Differentiated teaching strategies take into account the diverse needs, interests, and talents of individual learners, allowing educators to adapt their teaching methods and materials to various learning styles.

By implementing differentiation, educators can create an environment that offers additional education, complex curricula, independent projects, accelerated learning, and opportunities to develop critical thinking for talented students. This approach ensures that talented students have the necessary support and encouragement to fully realize their potential in higher education settings. It allows universities and colleges to tailor the educational process to meet the unique needs and abilities of each student.

The key principles and advantages of a differentiated approach include the following:

• 1.    Personalized research projects: Providing opportunities for students to participate in research projects that align with their interests and specialization helps them delve deeply into their chosen field of study. This not only aids in the development of specialized knowledge but also strengthens their scientific and research skills.

• 2.    Special courses that increase complexity: Developing and offering courses that offer more complex and advanced material meets the needs of gifted students who are seeking more serious academic challenges. These courses may include advanced topics, interdisciplinary projects, and intensive laboratory work. Opportunities for Leadership and Creative Expression: Providing platforms and opportunities for leadership allows gifted students to apply their skills in real-world settings by developing their management and communication skills. In addition, curricula that incorporate elements of creativity and expression contribute to the all-round development of personality and creativity.

In the context of higher education, in order to more clearly integrate information about the various aspects of talent, we can present more detailed information about each category in a tabular format by connecting theoretical foundations to practical examples and approaches used in universities [7,8].

Table 1. Key aspects of talent and their practical application in higher education.

Category description practical examples and approaches	Practical examples	Approaches
Talent identification	Talent in higher education includes not only high intelligence, but also the ability to innovate and think critically.	Universities may offer special tests to identify talent, including assessing creativity and the ability to solve difficult problems.
Cognitive aspects	Excellent analytical and synthetic skills that allow for in-depth analysis and integration of information.	Develop in-depth courses and modules aimed at developing critical thinking and problem-based learning.
Creativity and leadership qualities	The ability for original thinking and developing innovative solutions, leadership qualities to motivate and inspire others. Offering courses in entrepreneurship and innovations; creating leadership programs and initiatives for students to develop teamwork	The ability for original thinking and developing innovative solutions, leadership skills to motivate and inspire others. Offering courses in entrepreneurship and innovation; creating leadership programs and initiatives for students to enhance teamwork
Asynchronous development	The difference between cognitive abilities that require special attention in the educational environment and social-emotional skills	Seminars on developing communication and social adjustment skills to provide psychological support and ensure holistic development at the university.

Category description practical examples and approaches	Practical examples	Approaches
Talent models	Renzulli and Gardner emphasize intelligence diversity and motivation to succeed as key elements in educating gifted students.	Integrating multiple intelligence theory into the curriculum: creating specific tracks or courses that take into account different types of intelligence.
The importance of a differential approach	Adapting educational programs to the unique needs of gifted students through individual projects and courses.	Creating individual research projects; offering advanced seminars and working groups that require more challenge for students.

Table 1 shows how theoretical aspects of giftedness can be integrated into practical curricula and approaches in higher education. It shows the connection between gifted research and the practical application of this knowledge, which allows institutions to effectively approach the education of gifted students.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, adopting a differentiated approach requires educational institutions to be flexible and open to innovations in the educational process. This includes not only developing new curricula but also training teachers who can work effectively with diverse groups of students. This approach helps create a more inclusive and stimulating learning environment that helps maximize the potential of each student.

Implementing a differentiated approach in higher education is crucial for providing high-quality education to talented students. Talented students require an individualized teaching approach that compels them to engage comprehensively with the content, participate in stimulating activities, and demonstrate their knowledge through various tasks. Differentiated teaching strategies take into account the diverse needs, interests, and talents of individual learners, allowing educators to adapt their teaching methods and materials to various learning styles.

By implementing differentiation, educators can create an environment that offers additional education, complex curricula, independent projects, accelerated learning, and opportunities to develop critical thinking for talented students. This approach ensures that talented students have the necessary support and encouragement to fully realize their potential in higher education settings. It allows universities and colleges to tailor the educational process to meet the unique needs and abilities of each student.

For future research in this direction, it would be beneficial to develop new diagnostic tools for identifying gifted students, taking into account various aspects of their intelligence and creative abilities. Conducting experimental studies to evaluate the effectiveness of differentiated education on academic achievements and personal development of gifted students is also important. Creating networks of support for gifted students, including mentorship programs, can be another area for development. Additionally, studying the role of information and communication technologies in implementing a differentiated approach and their potential for personalizing education is crucial. Finally, conducting comparative studies on differentiated education in different countries can help share best practices and develop global standards for supporting gifted students.

Future studies could also focus on integrating theoretical foundations with practical examples and approaches used in universities. Presenting detailed information about each category of talent in a structured format can help institutions effectively approach the education of gifted students. This integration allows for a clearer connection between gifted research and its practical application, enabling educational institutions to effectively tailor their programs to meet the needs of talented students.