The Nucleons Birth – is the Energy source of Stars and the Sun

• 1.    Introduction

• 2.    The main Energy parameters of the Sun

• 3.    The Nuclear Fusion is the “unsatisfactory candidate” for the Sun power source

From the point of view of the Modern Physical Cosmology, the Energy source of Stars and the Sun is the Nuclear Fusion. In this work it is shown that the Nucleons Birth – is the Energy source of Stars and the Sun.

The Sun is the Star which is steadily radiates the Energy already on an extent of 3-4 billions years according to objective Geological data. And this radiation is not changed up to now.

Today, the overall Energy radiation of the Sun is: I ☼ ~ 4∙10³³ erg/second.

If the Sun radiates such quantity of the Energy already 3-4 billion years, or it is ~10¹⁷ seconds, then the Sun already must to lost about 10⁵⁰ erg as an Energy radiation, i.e.: Е ☼ ~ 2 ∙ 10¹⁷ erg/gram. It is known that the Nuclear Fusion average emitted energy at an elementary act is equal ~10¹⁹ erg/gram [1] that approximately in 50 times more that emitted by the Sun. It also gives the grounds to consider that the Energy source of Stars is the Nuclear Fusion [1].

However the elementary analysis shows that energy of the Nuclear Fusion doesn't suffice for so long existence of our Sun.

Well, first:

• 1.    It is obvious, what not all mass of the Sun is capable to take part in it to "power career", and only that part which is in a kernel. Moreover, for the general physical reasons, it is possible to assume that in stationary thermonuclear processes of any Star, namely such reaction goes on the Sun any more to exchange of several billions years, at the best no more than 1% of all its weight can participate.

• 2.    According to modern theoretical representations, in stationary thermonuclear reaction all types of thermonuclear transformations have to proceed [2], including there have to be reactions with formation of heavy and super-heavy elements: with mass numbers from 60 to 244 а.е.м. and, probably, more. Such reactions go with big absorption of energy – on the average from 150 to 200 MEV on one atom of a heavy element. It is easy to count that one act of formation of a heavy element with a nuclear weight about 180 а.е.м. withdraws from balance of energy of 23 power acts of elementary thermonuclear synthesis. Let's assume that on 100 acts of elementary thermonuclear synthesis of Helium, there is the only 1 act of formation of any heavy element. Such balance of reactions reduces at once the general balance of energy by 23%. Further, believing that probabilities of formation of heavy elements are approximately equal (it is known already more than 60) it is easy to count that by the end of life of the Sun, the quantity of each of known heavy elements in its structure will be not higher than 1,7∙10^-2% in relation to Helium. From here it turns out that if the probability of thermonuclear synthesis of a concrete heavy element on the Sun is at the level of 1/6000, everything together they are capable to take away of themselves about 30% of the energy emitted by the Solar kernel.

Secondly:

• 1.    In works [3-5] it is shown that the substance in the Solar kernel can be only in somebody a degenerate condition, so, no stationary thermonuclear reaction of synthesis, i.e. the Nuclear Fusion, there can exist.

• 2.    By the way, including for the reason of "neutron deficiency" [6].

Well, and most important:

• 1.    According to available empirical data it is known that if for a mix of Hydrogen the Lawson's criterion is carried out, all mix enters thermonuclear reaction in one stage, and in the form of explosion [2].

• 2.    Thus it is known, what in the Sun convective gas processes can't develop [7, 8], so, at once there is a question of how in a zone of the Nuclear Fusion, if it exists, the nuclear fuel arrives and how reaction products are brought out of it?

• 4.    Nucleons Birth – is a power source of Stars and the Sun

• 5.    Conclusion

According to modern level of knowledge, allocation of energy happens at any processes of transformation of a matter in to a condition to smaller energy. Besides, it is known that the binding energy of the any steady system or object that was emitted at their creation is connected with, and just the same quantity of energy is required for their destruction. Proceeding from specified, it is easy to assume that at synthesis of elementary particles, and in particular nucleons, energy, as, for example, in the case of Nuclear Fusion also has to be emitted. From available empirical data it is known that nucleon binding energy is more than on 2 orders exceed the energy which is emitted in elementary acts of the Nuclear Fusion. Well, and proceeding from it, more logical will be to assume that the Energy source of the Sun is not the Nuclear Fusion, but the Nucleons Birth is.

And it is valid, according to fundamental laws of Quantum Mechanics; the substance in the solar kernel has to pass to a certain degenerate power condition [3-6, 9]. Respectively, the model in which the solar kernel represents the potential well filled with energy in the form of degenerate substance will be the most adequate model of the solar kernel. Such substance, according to the same laws of Quantum Mechanics, will to go out from a potential well in the form of various elementary particles, and nucleons including. And it will to go under probabilistic laws. By estimates, the energy reserved in degenerate substance of the solar kernel is: E ☼_Я ~ 1 ∙ 10⁵² - 1∙ 10⁶⁰ эрг . It is on 30-40 orders more, that already radiated the Sun for the previous history. And the most important is that the specified energy can't be emitted in one stage, in the form of explosion, and only gradually, under probabilistic laws of Quantum Mechanics.

It is shown that according to modern level of knowledge, Nucleons Birth is the only "worthy candidate" on the Energy source of Stars.