Статьи журнала - Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Строительство и архитектура
Все статьи: 632
3D-алгоритмы теоремы Польке - Шварца
Статья научная
Разработаны компьютерные 3D-алгоритмы, позволяющие средствами современных графических редакторов воспроизвести задачу реконструкции основной теоремы аксонометрии. Рассмотрены основные известные варианты реконструкции. Дана их сравнительная оценка. Приведены примеры построений применительно к пакету AutoCAD.
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3D-модели линейчатых поверхностей с тремя прямолинейными направляющими
Статья научная
Приведены алгоритмы построения ЗD-моделей эллиптического гиперболоида и гиперболического параболоида в среде пакета AutoCAD. Рассмотрено решение ряда задач на частные случаи пересечения.
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3D-модель «черного ящика» в задаче совмещения коники с квадрикой
Статья научная
Приведено решение задачи совмещения заданных эллипса и однополостного эллиптического гиперболоида. На этом примере показан метод 3D-компьютерного геометрического моделирования, заключающийся в построении множества искомых объектов, его исследовании и выборе из него объекта с требуемыми параметрами.
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A numerical study of the performance of a combined floor panel
Статья научная
The purpose of the study is to analyze the proposed calculation models of a structure to take into account the nonlinear properties of reinforced concrete. The paper studies a reinforced concrete lightweight structure of a solid floor using light concrete packaged units. The numerical study is based on the use of combined floor panel models and certain theories of material deformation. The numerical study allowed us to obtain and compare structural indicators using various model theories. It has been established that the design model of the combined floor structure based on the finite element method (FEM) allows us to account for the nonlinear properties of concrete and reinforced concrete, as well as the influence on the distribution of bending moments and thrust forces between two-way beams. We proposed design models which allow us to account for the uneven distribution of bending moments and thrust forces in the limit equilibrium method while analyzing the floor according to the limit state. Based on the limit equilibrium method, we developed recommendations on determining the distribution of bending moments along linear plastic centroids. The practical value of the study is to identify the features of the stress-strain state and establish the compliance between the numerical results and the data of physical and mechanical experiments.
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Advanced numerical modelling of geogrid-reinforced rockfall protection embankments
Статья научная
Currently, empirical or simplified analytical methods are used to design such embankments. In order to assess behaviour of rockfall protection embankments in more detail, Opus carried out 3D numerical simulation using the finite element software ABAQUS. In the simulation process rock blocks were thrown onto a geogrid reinforced embankment at different impact angles. The effects of geogrid spacing, the presence of the steel facing mesh and impact angle have been investigated. The numerical simulation procedure can be used to develop and optimise the design of geogrid-reinforced rockfall protection embankments.
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CFD-моделирование теплового и воздушного режима кинотеатра
Статья научная
Проведено численное моделирование и исследование формирования температурных и скоростных полей в помещении кинотеатра при проектировании вентиляции. Для реализации задачи используется конечно-элементарный программный комплекс Flow Simulation, являющийся приложением к продукту SolidWorks. Произведена оценка комфортности помещения на основе интегрированных в комплекс критериев.
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Centrifuge modeling of large diameter underground pipes subjected to heavy traffic loads
Статья научная
Large diameter pipes, as well as heavy vehicles, have been becoming increasingly prevalent, which impose uncertainties on pipe design. This paper describes the procedure and results of a series of geotechnical centrifuge tests performed on a large 1400 mm-diameter reinforced concrete pipe with a footing subjected to heavy traffic loading. The influence of soil cover depth, as well as the positions and magnitude of traffic loads, on the bending moments of the pipe were investigated. A heavy truck with a maximum load of 850 kN was simulated in the majority of the tests, and a medium truck of 252 kN was also simulated. The centrifuge test results were found to be in reasonable agreement with those from full-scale tests. The pipe would experience the most unfavorable conditions when the heaviest axis of the traffic vehicle was located directly above the pipe crown. A deeper soil cover would lead to higher initial stresses in the pipe, as well as reduced influence of traffic load. However, even for a soil cover depth of 4 m, there is significant bending moment induced by the heavy truck loading, which could not be ignored during the pipeline design. Comparison was made between the centrifuge test results and several widely adopted design methods, and unconservative calculation results were noticed for large diameter rigid pipes lying at a shallow soil cover depth subjected to heavy traffic loading.
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Delay analysis methods (DAMS) in construction contracts in India
Статья научная
Majority of construction projects in India are administered by one or another standard form of contract. Every standard form contracts usually stipulate a period within which the contracted works must be completed by the contractor. However, to prevent those contracts from being frustrated by a number of act(s) that are beyond the control of contractor, they also provide that, in those circumstances, the contractor is relieved of the obligation to perform the works within the stipulated period and the contract provides such delay may be claimed as the Extension of Time (EOT). Meanwhile the principles of how delay and related costs should be calculated are not defined by the standard contract form. This leads to issues; which are usually contentious due to various 'schools of thoughts' and varied interpretations existing across the country. In order to eliminate disputes or facilitate settlement of disputes, the leading standards are: Society of Construction Law’s Delay and Disruption Protocol (SCL Protocol) and AACE 29R-03 (Forensic Schedule Analysis). The paper reviews six Delay Analysis Methods (DAM) suggested and recommended by the SCL Protocol. The paper recommends that Delay Analysis Methods should be incorporated in the construction contracts in India to settle EOT and compensation claims.
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Статья научная
The article assesses the impact of concrete biodegradation on the durability of concrete and reinforced concrete bridge structures. Areas of biocorrosion and other types of concrete corrosion were identified on real bridges. Based on the developed physical and mathematical model, we calculated the service life of reinforced concrete bridge supports and proposed economically advantageous terms for removing biodeposits from concrete. We also calculated the economic efficiency of removing biofouling from concrete and determined that the annual economic effect amounted to 9 % of the cost of the estimated work. If preventative measures against biofouling are carried out at least once every five years, the period for carrying out works to eliminate defects in concrete and reinforced concrete building structures can be increased by 1.5x. We provide recommendations to improve the durability and effective operation of bridge structures.
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Experimental studies of lightweight reinforced concrete frame for sustainable construction
Статья научная
Weight reductions, the use of natural materials, and ease of disposal are signs of environmental friendliness in building structures. This article studies designs with indicated features. It also provides the results of experimental studies of U-shaped reinforced concrete frames with pre-stressed reinforcement in posts and beam-column. The specific features of the frame construction are linear pre-stressed wire-rope reinforcement, connections of beam-column joint with a post, and connections with pre-cast reinforced concrete units bearing the moment of flection with foundation mat. The authors analyze the results of measuring the deformation capacity of such connections and their displacement due to vertical deal load.
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Статья научная
Designed by Opus, Double Tracking and Electrification Works between MacKay’s Crossing and Waikanae at Kapiti Coast north of Wellington, New Zealand required 14 km length of up to 4 m high new railway embankments, ground improvement, up to 30 m high cut slopes and slope stabilisation works to be built alongside the existing North Island Main Trunk Railway embankment. Approximately 4 km length of the new railway embankments had to be built over a very soft peat within a narrow designation corridor located between the high steep eastern hills and State Highway 1. The project had to be built within a short timeframe and the existing Main Trunk Railway Line had to remain operational during the construction. The design and construction techniques used had to address a number of geotechnical challenges: construction on peat with undrained shear strength of 7 kPa to 15 kPa, insufficient room for stabilising berms, large (up to 1.5 m) settlements of the new railway embankments and frequent re-levelling of the existing railway tracks during construction, construction of upslope protection works to stabilise steep cuttings. Finite element modelling of the new and existing railway embankments was undertaken to predict the settlements and the required frequency of re-levelling of the existing railway tracks. Lateral and vertical deformations of the new and existing embankments as well as pore pressures in the peat were closely monitored during the construction phase. The project was successfully completed in February 2011.
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Geotechnical design of the Те Apiti Wind Farm
Статья научная
Recently built Те Apiti Wind Farm, the largest in the southern hemisphere and New Zealand's newest, feeds up to 90 MW into the national power grid from the 55 1.65 MW turbines (each 106 m high) built on the north side of the Manawatu Gorge, near Palmerston North City. Те Apiti is located on 1200 hectares of undulating hill terrain. Steep eroded gullies and numerous active landslide scars expose an uplifted and tilted marine sequence of Tertiary rocks. Site investigations were undertaken to assess the stability of the wind turbine platforms and to provide information for the design of the access roads and the turbine foundations. The turbines were founded on 16 m to 18 m wide octagonal shallow pad foundations. Geotechnical investigation and design issues are discussed.
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Статья научная
According to technical and economic characteristics it’s possible to replicate geosynthetics in house building and road repairing. Geosynthetic layers strengthen slopes and protect them from erosion; geosynthetic layers improve grass plot, minimize ground deformation and many other scientific works about the road and house building we come to the conclusion that it’s necessary to develop such materials as geosynthetics with warp knitted structure. Some experimental research in special laboratories for every case to test synthetic fiber for climatic and mechanical influences had been done. Geotextiles with warp knitted structure were tested for strengthening, compressibility, elasticity. The materials are tested for tear-stability. Stability is tested by the method of cylindrical cliche which helps to value stability of joints, press-and-hit-stability. Temperature, ultraviolet, acid and alkaloid influences test fiber in its chemical and physical qualities. All experiments done led to, that vc geotextiles with warp knitted structure can be applied to improving expansive ground qualities (concentrating, consolidating, CBR, diametrical force) because they have all necessary qualities required to such materials.
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Problems of atmospheric air dustiness in Samarkand
Статья научная
This article reveals the problems of the dustiness of Samarkand, and the need to take into account local climatic features in urban planning. It shows the factors of dust formation and the features of the relief of the city. In order to study the dustiness of Samarkand, theoretical and field observations were carried out on the coastal territories of the Zerfshan River. The results demonstrate that the dustiness in residential buildings located on the coast depends on its density and the nature of the relief. The current domestic regulatory materials are of little use for assessing the dustiness of atmospheric air for the conditions of Samarkand. As the aerodynamic modeling shows, the conditions of dust dispersion can vary significantly within Samarkand.
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Review of regenerative design theories for school buildings in the tropics of India
Статья научная
The Trajectory of Environmentally responsive design by Bill Reed [1] maps paradigm shift from degenerating to regenerating systems. The trajectory depicts sustainable system as neutral. Regenerative design integrates ecological system in the built environment and is based on the premise that everything built has the potential for the integration of the natural world as an “equal partner” in the architecture. The design profession is bestowed with legendary individuals who have attempted to translate ecological processes into something meaningful and useful for design theories. This paper will focus on recent trends and representative theories that followed the influential social, economic, and ecological movements of the 1960s and 1970s. The works of Malcolm Wells, Nancy Jack Todd and John Todd, William McDonough, John Tillman Lyle, Sim Van der Ryn and Stuart Cowan, Bill Reed, and Raymond J. Cole continue to influence the evolution of regenerative design thought and practice. The paper reviews regenerative design theories and explore ways in which ecological processes have been interpreted through design at the end of the first decade of twenty first century. Each theory will be summarized and considered for regenerative design of schools for thermal comfort in the tropics of India. This study is significant as India has about one million schools and out of which 80% are government schools. The paper argues that regenerative design for school building would create environmentally responsive learning environment.
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Sustainable Greek traditional dwellings of cyclades
Статья научная
The Greek traditional dwellings of the Cyclades epitomize sustainable design principles to create optimum comfort environment. This paper evaluates specific traditional dwelling type in terms of its response to climate and thermal comfort based on passive design principles that could be adapted to current architectural practice in the area, in order to optimize the relationship between site, building and climate. This study especially deals with building envelope (walls and roofs: construction materials, type of insulation), that demonstrate sustainable design principles. The paper discusses relevance of the study in the context of the integrated energy and climate change policy of the European Union. Finally, the study is important from the point of socio-cultural identity and regional character of the Cyclades, which are under preservation status as per law.
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Synergistic model for sustainable environmental design pedagogy in architectural education in India
Статья научная
This paper presents a Synergistic model for Architectural Design studio to teach environment sustainability in undergraduate architectural curriculum. This model is based on conducting design studio integrating with the theory and other subjects taught in the given semester. Such a model has advantages of assimilating of the knowledge in all subjects, hands-on experience and parametric studies using computer modelling and scientific calculations and development of a critical judgment. This model demonstrates fundamental changes from the conventional to integrated design studio.
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The assessment of liquefaction and lateral spreading effects on bridges
Статья научная
This paper presents a summary of the outcomes from a research project commissioned by the NZ Transport Agency to develop design guidance for bridges in New Zealand for liquefaction and lateral spreading effects. The purpose of this research is to prepare design guidelines that will give clear design methodology and enable cost-efficient design of bridges, reducing the need for costly ground improvements on sites subject to these hazards. The current stage of the project is a review of the available design methods and the development of design principles and methods for liquefaction and lateral spreading effects on bridges appropriate for New Zealand conditions. Once finalised, the proposed design requirements and guidelines will be incorporated in the NZ Transport Agency’s Bridge Manual and disseminated to the wider New Zealand engineering community.
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Автоматизация диагностики технического состояния зданий и сооружений в процессе их эксплуатации
Статья научная
Рассматриваются перспективные методы повышения эффективности оценки технического состояния зданий и сооружений, а также возможности проектирования зданий и сооружений на качественно новом уровне с применением компьютерных методов моделирования.
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Автоматизированная установка для исследования характеристик отопительных систем
Статья научная
Приводятся данные о конструктивной и функциональных структурах разработанной установки, предназначенной для экспериментального исследования влияния режимов отпуска теплоты на процессы, протекающие в системе отопления и определения характеристик отопительных приборов.
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