Биологические науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Orchis simia Lam. во флоре Нахичевани
Статья научная
В Нахичевани имеется 3 ботанических района согласно высотным линиям. Виды семейства орхидей в Нахичевани недостаточно изучены. Ранее, в 2018 г. при проведении исследований во флоре Нахичевани около села Уступу Ордубадского района был найден новый вид Orchis simia Lam. рода Orchis L. были сделаны систематические, биологические и фитоценологические описания вида Orchis simia Lam. рода Orchis L. семейства Orchidaceae Juss. В 2020 г. проведено дополнительное обследование территории для уточнения экологического состояния вида и плотности популяции.
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Phenology of the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae scopoli)
Статья научная
Black bean aphid ( Aphis fabae Scopoli), which are dangerous pests of beet, were studied in 2015-2021 in the farms and surrounding bio and agrocoenosis of the Mil-Mugan economic region of Azerbaijan. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that Aphis fabae gives up to 15 generations in this region. 10-12 of them have increased in beetroot agrocoenosis and are reproducing, so in the result, farms are seriously damaged. At the same time, it was determined that if population density and the physiological state of the plant play the main role in the formation of different morphs of this pest in the spring and summer generations, low temperature and short photoperiod are the main factors in the formation of autumn morphs.
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Статья научная
The article provides information about the shrub vegetation of the high mountain steppes of the woody species of the Rosaceae family, which spread in the flora of the Nakhchivan. Typical highland steppes of the study area are found mainly on the steep southern slopes of mountains, hills, ravines and valleys. 3 formations, 13 associations and 1 subassociation were identified in the class of shrub vegetation of the high mountain steppes, and a phytocenological classification of the vegetation was given for the first time.
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Статья научная
The article presents the phytocenological and bioecological analyzes of Helichrysum aurantiacum Boiss. et Huet., an endemic species of the Asteraceae family and assessments in plant coenopopulations of the plant. The studies were carried out in 3 districts of Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region of Azerbaijan. Ten natural populations where H. aurantiacum species are distributed were selected. In the selected populations, the integral characteristics of the demographic structure of the plant, age and efficiency indices were studied. The formations and associations were determined, the project cover of the areas was calculated, and the abundance was determined. In the H. aurantiacum species, the highest indicator is observed in the generative development stages (225-243 individuals were counted in the g1-g3 period). The efficiency coefficient of H. aurantiacum species in mature populations was ω=0.52-0.76. The high value of the efficiency coefficient in CP 7, 6 and 10 is related to the high number dynamics of plants belonging to the juvenile and immature phases before the generative development phases, and the small number of individuals belonging to the aging (s, ss) phases. The resource potential of the plant was determined and the biological reserve in the districts was 1241.1 centners, and the annual supply was 498.6 centners. This allows the supply of H. aurantiacum species in Tovuz, Agstafa and Gazakh districts located in the north-east of the Lesser Caucasus.
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Статья научная
The article presents the role and phytocenological features of the Foetid Juniper ( Juniperus foetidissima Willd.) species in the sparse juniper forest of Paradash Massif in the Julfa District. According to the used literature and our researches, plants with bare seeds in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are represented by 2 Divisions, 2 Classes, 3 Orders, 3 Families, 7 Genera and 13 Species, 7 of which are related to the cultural flora. According to research in sparse juniper forests in the Paradash Massif, there were not found Species belongin to Pinaceae Adans. Family, but 2 Species of Juniperus L. Genera of Cupressaceae S. F. Gray Family, and only one species named Ephedra procera Fisch. et C. A. Mey. Belonging to the Ephedraceae Dumort family was determined. The dominant Species of the tree tier is Juniperus foetidissima Willd., and the subdominant Species is Pyrus salicifolia Pall. - whenever Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch, together with the willow-leafed pear are multi-fruited Species of Juniper. Counting of the height indicators according to the steps and determination of the trunk diameter of the Juniper tree on the territory of Paradash were given in the counting tables. All formations and associations of phytocenoses in a rocky biotope were discovered and presented.
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Статья научная
Provides information about the phytocoenological analysis of the species included into the Malvaceae Juss. family, spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic flora. It was found out from the conducted researches that, since the species included into this family spreading in the area with different ecological characteristics, are quite different. Although the species belonging to the Malvaceae family in the research area do not directly have a dominant feature in plant phytocenosis, they are considered to be very important species in the formation of plant phytocenosis. It is clear from the conducted phytocoenological analysis that Alcea flavovirens (Boiss. & Buhse) Iljin, Alcea rugosa Alef., Alcea tabrisiana (Boiss. & Buhse) Iljin, Althaea hirsuta L., etc. species are among the elements that form xerophytic coenosis on the dry hard mountain slopes, in the lower and middle mountain zones.
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Phytophagous insects of malus in Uzbekistan
Статья обзорная
The paper presents descriptions of some of the most common apple pests. In Uzbekistan, the apple tree is one of the most important fruit trees. Damage to the apple tree must be controlled, and for this, all types of pests must be studied. Horticultural products from Uzbekistan are in demand on the world market. Currently, the export of food, fruit and vegetable products totaled about 5 billion dollars. Over the past three years, the volume of exported agricultural products has more than tripled. On fruit crops, one of the most dangerous pests are mites. Biological control measures on these crops have not yet been developed to the perfection as against pests belonging to the class of insects. There are studies where effects on the number of spider mites on an apple tree are noticed, where varieties with weak and medium pubescence are especially affected by the mite, and varieties with felt pubescence are slightly damaged.
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Problems of prevention of rabies virus
Статья научная
Every year 70000 people in the world die of rabies in spite of the fact, that effective rabies vaccines and the ways of the prevention of this disease for humans and animals exist. Taking into account the positive situation in the countries of Western Europe it is especially alarming that rabies still exists in Russia and is shown generally in the central, the Volga and southern federal districts. What is the reason? I'll try to find it out in this paper.
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Properties of strain Pseudomonas panipatensis
Статья научная
A strain of aerobic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas is isolated from oil-contaminated water. Its properties and phylogenetic characteristics have been studied. Also, the influence of strain on the activation of the biological degradation of oil and oil products was tested. It is found that the method of introduction of the resulting strain at contaminated sites helps shorten the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in the soil and aquatic ecosystems. Depending on the ambient temperature a 5 days recycling oil in an aqueous medium under the influence of the strain reaches 40-96%.
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PsbS Dependence in Lipid and Pigment Composition in Rice Plants
Статья научная
Plants acclimate to fluctuations in light conditions by adjusting their photosynthetic apparatus. When the light intensity exceeds, an unbalanced excitation of the two photosystems occurs. It results in reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Photosystem II (PSII) is the most susceptible and dynamically regulated part of the light reactions in the thylakoid membrane. Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) is one of the short-term photoprotective mechanisms, which consist of the number of components. The strongest NPQ component — qE is localized in the PSII antenna and induced in plants by lumen acidification, the activation of the pH sensor PsbS, and the conversion of the violaxanthin to zeaxanthin within the xanthophyll cycle. Here, I present data that characterizes the role of the PsbS protein in organization of PSII structural components in isolated PSII-enriched membranes. The preparations were isolated from wild-type (WT) and PsbS-less (PsbS-KO) mutant rice plant. Based on the obtained results, the PSII-enriched membranes from WT and PsbS-KO differ as in the level of lipids, also in carotenoids. I conclude that the PsbS-dependent changes in membrane fluidity in PsbS-KO mutant plants compensated with increased lipid level in mutant plants.
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Статья научная
The soil and climate conditions in Azerbaijan enable the extensive development of the licorice along with other technical crops. The licorice has been known to people since ancient times, and today in various fields of national economy, in medicine, in solving the problem of feeding with agricultural products, creating a diverse feed base for livestock is one of the most important problems. In the article, the quality indicators and nutritional value of licorice were studied depending on the development phase in the north-eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus.
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Rare endangered species of the Rosaceae family of the Rosa L. genus in the flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The study examined the distribution areas, status, biological characteristics, reproduction, causes of changes in natural resources, applied conservation measures of species belonging to the Rosa L. genus in Azerbaijan on scientific basis. The research has used the research work of many botanists and my personal research. Numerous expeditions and monitoring were carried out in the research work, 64 species of Rosa L. genus were found in the natural and cultural conditions in the republic. Observations have shown that the range of most species of the Rosa L. genus has been reduced, and some are endangered. The research analyzed the reasons for the reduction of the habitats of 33 species of 64 species of the Rosa L. genus, the risk criteria of these plants according to version 3.1 of the IUCN.
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Rare types including Iridaceae juss. of the Garagush mountain
Статья научная
The genus Iris Tourn. ex L. of the family Iridaceae Juss. there are 200 different species in the Northern Hemisphere. There are more than 30 species of this genus in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, some of which are endemic to Azerbaijan or the Caucasus. All irises are decorative and used in ornamental gardening. Iris caucasica Stev. ( Iris caucasic a Hoffm.) and I. lycotis Woronow ( Iris iberica subsp. lycotis (Woronow) Takht.) grows on rocky and grassy slopes of The Garagush Mountain. Iris caucasica Stev. is included in the Red Data Book of Nakhchivan AR as an important subcatagory of protection with the status of Lower Risk - LR (a - Conservation Dependent - CD). Iris lycotis Woronow has been to its activity and other abiotic factors, its range is reduced its biology is poorly studied and it is included as an endangered species in the Red Data Book of Nakhchivan AR with the status of Near Threatened - NT. Species included in this category should be enshrined in special protected areas and their biological characteristics should be studied.
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Ravines floristic diversity of Khinna gorge (Zayamchay river basin, Lesser Caucasus)
Статья научная
In 2016-2021 the ravines floristic diversity of the Khinna gorge (Zayamchay river basin, Lesser Caucasus) was studied. Khinna gorge is located on the right bank of the Zayamchay river, at the foot of Gizilja Mount. In the ravines of the Khinna gorge, 18 species, 13 genera and 11 families of plants were found. Plants of relict origin were also found: Poa nemoralis L., Poa compressa L., Ulmus glabra Huds., Parietaria chersonensis (Lang & Szov.) Dörfl., Asparagus verticillatus L., Gladiolus atroviolaceus Boiss., Rubus buschii Grossh. ex Sinkova, Amoria tumens (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Roskov, Plantago major L.
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Статья научная
In research work have been extensively studied morphological aspects of seedlings on a scientific basis, propagation by seeds and cutting methods on the Absheron Peninsula species of Jacaranda mimosifolia belonging to the genus of Jacaranda Juss. of the family Bignoniaceae. The research analyzed the sowing period of seeds, soil characteristics, sowing depth, initial germination period, morphological features, agrotechnics, disease and pest control measures. Studies have shown that Jacaranda mimosifolia has the ability to adapt to open and greenhouse conditions in Absheron - in the autumn began to appear the first seedlings in the first decade of October from the seeds sown in the second decade of September in a greenhouse condition, were obtained 4.6% of seedlings at the end of the growing season. In the spring began to appear the first seedlings in the third decade of April from the seeds sown in the first decade of April, were obtained 5.2% of seedlings at the end of the growing season. In the second decade of May 20-30 cm tall plants were transplanted to open fields. At the end of the growing season the length of the compound leaves of annual plants reached 14×15 cm. Plant height reached 1.2 m in height, 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter, stalks reached 16 cm in length, 0.2 cm in width. There are 20 leafstalks on 1 leaf. Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 22-24 °C from April to the second decade of October had a positive effect on plant productivity. As a result of the research, it was found that in Absheron conditions the plant shed their leaves in the greenhouse at a temperature below 14 °C. As a result of the research, it was found that Jacaranda mimosifolia has the ability to adapt to open and greenhouse conditions in Absheron, it is profitable to use such an ornamental plant in the construction of parks and gardens, in decoration of offices and interiors.
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Research and protection of the coastal psammophyte-desert vegetation of Absheron national park
Статья научная
Absheron National Park was established based on Absheron State Nature Lowland in 783 hectares of the territory of Khazar district of Baku city by the decree of the president of the country on February 08, 2005; the main purpose is to provide the protection of environment, efficient use, protection of endangered rare plant species, the development of ecotourism, organization of the tourism and recreation zones and environmental enlightenment. For this purpose, the geobotanical research of the psammophyte-desert vegetation formed in the ecosystem (biogeocenosis) of Absheron National Park which located in the part of Suiti cape and Shahdili of the Caspian Sea in Absheron peninsular were executed by the method of “route” on May-June of 2018-2019 and the following were identified. As it can be seen from “The classification of the vegetation of Northern and southern Caspian coast” made up by us for the first time, 2 formation classes, 4 formation groups and 7 associations have been determined in the psammophyte-desert vegetation that formed in the territory of Absheron National Park.
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Results of Introduction of Jasminum sambac in Absheron
Статья научная
Bioecologıcal features, propagation methods root system and agrotechnics of Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac) which belonging to Lian group plants have been presented in the paper. The light-loving Arabian jasmine plant is grown in shaded conditions, yellowness is observed on the shoots, which leads to growth retardation have shown in results of studies. The studies were carried out in various conditions — in the shadow, on light, under the sun. In plants grown in the shade in the summer (July-August), the growth of the main shoot was not observed, compared with plants grown in direct rays in January-February, which, had growth in contrast to them, Highest results were obtained in August using green cuttings under studying of the reproduction of Jasminum sambac. No diseases have been observed in these plants, but they were susceptible to pests such as Aphidoidea, Diaspididae and Aleyrodidae during the research. Bioecological features of species, easily propagation by vegetative way, decorative appearance throughout the year allow us to use them design of interiors with plants has revealed.
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Статья научная
Since 2006, with the support of WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) and IDEA (International Dialogue for Environmental Action), remote research of leopards ( Panthera pardus saxicolor , Pocock, 1927 = P. p. ciscaucasica , Satunin, 1924). The main research is carried out on the eastern slopes of the Zangezur Mountains in the Aliyev Zangezur National Park of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. To study the leopard, photographic traps of the Cudde Back (17 pieces), Panthera (5 pieces) and Bushnel (64 pieces) brands in the amount of 86 pieces are used. In 2019 alone, 373,622 photos and 45,553 videos were taken. On 340 photos and 71 video materials, adult leopards were recorded, and on 20 photos and 5 video materials, a female leopard with cubs was filmed, and a photo of a female and a male was found on 7 photos and 4 video materials. During this period, 12 adults and 3 calves were identified.
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Статья обзорная
The article indicates the results of paleobotanical research in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. Materials for fossil plants in the territory Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic show that the development of the Mesophytic era covers the Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, during which existed Neomesophyte and Palaeomesophyte flora. Cenophytic era covers Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary period. Flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic relates to Mesophytic and Cenophytic era. Modern vegetation of the region is dominated by open and semi-open coenosis i.e. rather primitive in its phytocenotic essence. These xerophilous coenosis have deep ancient roots of its origin. Flowering flora originated on the globe in the first half of the Cretaceous period. The oldest plant residues, which are known in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, refer to the end of the Cretaceous period. Found that modern flora and vegetation of their origin, above all, connected with the ancient Iranian, mainly Asia Minor or North Iranian flora penetrated here with Tertiary and being penetrated at the moment. From the more important temperate eastern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus in the Tertiary period, the study area was fenced off by the high perched Kongur-Alangez mountains and Zangezur.
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Review of species of the Linaria mill. genus (Scrophulariaceae) in Azerbaijan
Статья обзорная
This article includes a taxonomic review of representatives of the Linaria Mill. genus growing in Azerbaijan. As a result of a critical review of the composition of the Linaria genus, it was found that 18 species and one subspecies of this genus grow in the study area, of which 3 species: L. hohenackeri, L. ordubadica, L. nachitschevanica are new to the flora of Azerbaijan. Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes are taken into account. A new key has been compiled to identify these species.
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