Биологические науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Статья научная
In the given article, the flora of Ganja city and its surrounding areas was studied, the plants were systematically, biomorphologically, geographically, ecologically, and endemically analyzed. The article also analyzed rare and endangered plants on scientific basis. In the researched region, 68 families, 244 genera, and 441 species of plants were identified. It is reported that the basis of the flora composition of the territories is angiosperms, the leading families of which are Poaceae with 38 genera (15.6%), 63 species (14.3%), Fabaceae 23 genera (9.4%), 48 species (10.9%); Asteraceae is represented by 15 genera (6.6%), 35 species (7.9%). It was determined that the composition of the flora of the study area is dominated by perennial grasses with 194 species (44%).
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Статья научная
The article presents data on the systematical structure, ecological groups, and areal classes of Rosa L. genus spread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. As a result of researches in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the concept of 30 species of Rosa L genus was developed and spreading of these species by vertical heights, as well as geographic range classes based on regional and zonal principles, were determined.
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Taxonomic composition and life forms of the family Asteraceae spreading in Daridagh massif area
Статья научная
The article provides information on the taxonomic composition and life forms of the Family Asteraceae Dumort, which is widespread in the Daridagh Massif area. During our research, 43 species belonging to 23 Genera of the Family Asteraceae Dumort spreaded in the Daridagh Massif area. Also, a comparative analysis of the number of species belonging to the Family and their life forms were studied. According to the analysis of the number of species of the Genera Helichrysum Mill. - 2 (4.65%), Taraxacum Wigg. - 2 (4.65℅), Centaurea L. - 3 (6.97%), Carduus L. - 3 (6.97%), Achillea L. - 3 (6.97%), Scorzonera L. - 6 (13.95%) and Tragopogon L. - 8 (18.6%) species are the main predominant species in the Daridagh Massif area and are represented by 27 (62.79%) species. The remaining Genera are monotype and consist of 16 (37.20%) species.
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Taxonomic synopsis of salsola genus (Mil Plain, Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
In article the results of analysis conducted on bioecological features of Salsola species which are distributed in desert phytocoenosis of Mil plain of Kur-Aras lowland were given. Materials for research were plant herbaria which collected from researched area, as well as herbarium funds of Baku State University and Institute of Botany Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Morphological study of the flower parts of Salsola species was conducted with Carl Zeiss Stereo Discovery V4 stereomicroscope. It was determined that in researched area 10 species ( Salsola australis R. Br., S. tragus L., S. paulsenii Litv., S. soda L., S. nitraria Pall., S. incanescens C. A. Mey., S. dendroides Pall., S. ericoides Bieb., S. nodulosa (Moq.) Iljin, S. foliosa (L.) Schrad.) of Salsola genus are distributed. Their morphology, ecology, systematical position, as well as economic significance were analyzed. It was also found that an anthropogenic impact in this area leads to desertification of landscapes.
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The Classification of Desert and Semi-desert Vegetation of the Caspian Coast (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
The article outlines the fractional classification of the semi-desert, desert vegetation covers of the studied territory of the coastal strip of the Caspian Sea of Azerbaijan. We studied the phytoceonological indicators of communities related to forests, shrubs, semi-desert, desert, vegetation. 3 types, 12 formation classes, 69 formation groups and 92 associations are distinguished.
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The morphology study of Rosmarinus L. seedlings
Статья научная
In recent years, the interest in natural herbal medicines and essential oils obtained from them has increased significantly in medicine industry worldwide. Essential oils and products made from them are widely used in various fields of modern medicine, especially in aromatherapy, in traditional treatment methods. Therefore, the study of the composition of biologically active substances in essential plants is of special importance. From this point of view, the introduction of new types of medicinal plants, the study of their bioecological properties, and especially the expansion of research conducted for use in scientific medical practice regarding the pharmacological activity of essential oils obtained from them is very relevant. Among the mentioned prospective research objects, rosemary (Rosmarinus L.) species widely used in medicine and folk medicine in different regions of the world occupy a special place. Despite the great interest in this plant and the obtained essential oil in Azerbaijan, its biological properties, extraction and composition of the essential oil have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the introduction of new useful species belonging to the genus Rosmarinus L., the study of their bioecological characteristics, cultivation agrotechnics and biologically active substances on scientific grounds is in the spotlight with its relevance.
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The moss flora of Korchay state nature reserve
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The article discusses the floristic, ecological and cenotic features and the distribution of mosses in the territory of the Korchai State Nature Reserve. Among the mosses of the reserve, there are also species with a limited range. Those species are typical for silicate rocks and stony rocks. Another characteristic feature of the relief of the reserve is the presence of traces of ancient glaciation. Another characteristic feature of the relief is the absence of watersheds similar to a smoothed plateau. As a result of the research, it was found that the flora of the research area contains elements and relics from the last stages of the ancient Cretaceous period (3rd period). Relict species are pages of geologic history that reveal patterns of flora distribution.
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The new taxa of ferns in the northeast section of the Lesser Caucasus
Статья научная
During the expeditions in the north-eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus in 2014-2016 and based on the results analysis of the collected herbarium and descriptor information three species ( Polypodium interjectum Shivas, Polystichum ×illyricum (Borbás) Hahne, Cystopteris anthriscifolia Fomin), one botanical variety ( Polystichum aculeatum var. aristatum (Christ) A. Askerov) and one new ecotype ( Adiantum capillus-veneris L., “Dwarf plant - Ganja”) has been identified. The article provides information on the three-dimensional spatial areas of the sites where these plants are found, the taxonomy, morpho-biological variability and taxonomy types.
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Статья научная
Biostratigraphic characteristics of the Pontian deposits of Gobustan are given based on the materials of the Sundu cavern. The systematic composition and characteristic complexes of ostracods for the lower, middle, and upper sub-tiers are revealed. Biostratigraphic dissection of the section was performed. It is established that sediments of the Pontian regiostage take part in the geological structure of the anticlinal structure of the Sundu. A scheme of dismemberment of the Pontian sediments of Sundu cavern has been developed, which can be applied during further geological exploration in other areas of the SE of Gobustan. The obtained results can also be used for biostratigraphic study of deep-submerged Miocene deposits of the western side of the Southern Caspian.
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The role of domestic carnivores in the formation of parasitic foci in the territory of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
Domestic carnivores play an important role in the transfer of pathogenic helminths from natural foci to synanthropic ones and in the formation of strong parasitic foci for humans and domestic animals. The extensiveness and powerful natural and synanthropic and mixed foci of some main helminth infectors of domestic carnivores have been specified. Upon studying the role of carnivores in the creation and improvement of foci firstly in Azerbaijan. For the first time, it was found out that domestic carnivores are the new host for 14 types of helminths infected with wild animals have also influence on mixed foci. 2 species ( Gongylonema pulchrum , Mesocestoides corti ) of 14 species of helminths assume epidemiological significance; while 5 species ( Taenia cervi , T. krabbei , Tetratirotaenia polyacantha , Trichocephalus vulpis , Strongyloides vulpis ) assume epizootic significance. It was found out that intermediary hosts, ecological and anthropogenous along with carnivorous animals have also an influence on the creation and spread of parasitic foci. Therefore, studying the factors that lead to the creation of parasitic foci is of practical importance.
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Статья научная
In this article the structure of species including in Valerianella Genus was studied with geobotanical methods, their role in phytocenosis, their formations, and associations were determined in the vegetation cover in Soyugdagh and Khorhat mountainous areas of Ordubad region. It has been determined that although the species of the Valerianella Genus are small numbers in phytocenosis and associations, they have great importance in improving the fodder quality of the vegetation. This plays an important role in the enrichment of food ration of Bezoar Goat and other herbivorous animals that inhabit the area of Zangezur National Park.
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The use of medicinal plants by the Kyrgyz of the southwestern part of the Fergana valley
Статья научная
This article notes that the use of flora as medicine by Kyrgyz people in the South-Western region of the Fergana valley has its own characteristics, despite their influence as a result of the relationship of Kyrgyz people with other peoples. It is also proved by scientists that the traditional folk treatment of the Kyrgyz belongs to the ancient period. The author provided the collected field materials that the South-Western Kyrgyz of the Ferghana valley knew perfectly well that medicinal plants contain biologically active substances useful for human health and how they well assimilated ways to purify the body from many diseases. Given useful information about what medicinal properties of the flora is in various parts of plants in different sizes, and in some parts is not available and about how to make drugs the South-West of the Kyrgyz Fergana valley.
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Transition of nanoparticles Fе3O4 and Al in a simplified aquatic food chain
Статья научная
This article presents the results of experiments on the transitions of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (20-30 nm) and Al (18 nm) from one organism to another, making up a simple food chain (plant-mollusk-fish). In experiments, mollusks (Melonopsis praemorsa) feed on the leaves of plant ( Elodea canadensis ) after being contaminated with Al or Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were detected using TEM analysis in the cells of the mollusk’s organs. Then the fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed with mollusks. The distribution and localization of nanoparticles in fish organs has been determined. Experimental results showed that nanoparticles can pass from one organism to another in the food chain. Nanoparticles accumulate mainly in the liver of mollusks and fish.
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Use of essential oil Rosmarinus officinalis L. in industry
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The presented article provides information on the botanical description of Rosmarinus officinalis L. species, essential oil extraction, and the use of the obtained essential oil in medicine, cosmetology, aromatherapy, and cooking. The component composition of the oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the young buds and leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in the experimental field of the Dendrology Institute was studied in Kristal M brand gas chromatography. Based on the results of the analysis, alpha-Pinene, Sabinene, beta-Pinene, Myrcene, Carene-3, alpha-Terpinene, 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol), tr-beta-Ocimene, gamma-Terpinene, Terpinolene and other components contained in the essential oil of the species have been detected.
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Use of some microbial enzymes and their compositions against phytopathogenes in agricultural areas
Статья научная
Enzymatic hydrolysis the lignocellulose substrates (wood sawdust, wheat bran, bard), brought in a nutrient medium are given as a carbon source for cultivation of fungus and actinomycetes, producers of making components of a bio stimulator which is used in agriculture for cultivation of cotton plant. It was established that among examinees of substrat spirit grain the bard in experimentally picked up concentration (10-50%) it appeared a full-fledged substratum for the active growth developments and antibiotic enzymatic making with use to which can be prepared rather cheap and effective preparation is providing for increase in productivity and decrease in incidence of crops in agriculture. At the current time using biological methods of cultivation and protection of environment is the most important link in cultivation of ecologically safe agricultural production. The biological methods of protection of plants is recognized as the most resource-saving reception, allowing to protect plants from diseases, wreckers and to increase their efficiency without expenses of irreplaceable natural resources and without harmful emissions in environment [1-2]. The microorganisms used for production of valuable biological products, promote supply of plants not only elements of mineral food, but also physiologically active agents (enzymes, phytohormons, vitamins, etc.) [3]. Studying of enzymatic activity and efficiency of culture of fungus of Pleurotus ostreatus UZBI-I 105, Aspergillus terreus 9, and actinomycete Streptomyces sp. 166 on cheap the lignocellulose substrat for development of effective biotechnology of a biological product for increase in productivity and protection of crops against wreckers of phytopathogenes was the purpose of the real work.
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Статья научная
Except for grain herbs, legumes, and sedge, all herbaceous plants are included in the agrobotanical group, called various herbs. Different herbs are found in forested meadows and humid places. Generally, different herbs are found in each of the natural climatic regions. As a result of the research, 13 species, 12 genera, 9 families from various herbs are spread in the irrigated areas of the northern part of the Lesser Caucasus. A comparative analysis of the variety of herbs distributed in the area, the quality of feed, and the agrobotanical groups was conducted.
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Адаптация как статус для студентов начального курса обучения в высших учебных заведениях
Статья научная
В статье представлены результаты изучения гемодинамических показателей крови внутренней среды организма, как быстро реагирующего компонента на различные воздействия факторов и выступающих как индикатор процесса адаптации. Цель - изучение адаптации организма к новым условиям. Одним из наиболее чувствительных параметров происходящих в организме процессов, является система крови, представляющая наибольший интерес, поскольку она в определенной степени раскрывает развертывание ряда явлений, происходящих в растущем организме. Ключевым моментом исследования статуса адаптации являются главные параметры крови и показатели лейкоцитарной формулы. На основе этого изучены процессы адаптации к определенным резко континентальным климатогеографическим факторам среды, включающим механизмы приспособления студентов первого курса (юношеский возраст) к новым физическим, умственным и эмоциональным нагрузкам.
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Статья научная
В работе дана оценка аккумулирующей способности листьев древесных растений в условиях породного отвала Кедровского угольного разреза. Проведено определение тяжелых металлов (цинк, кадмий, свинец, медь) в растительных образцах и определение зольности путем сухого озоления в муфельной печи. Экспериментальные данные обработаны статистически с помощью компьютерных программ. Эмбриоземы исследуемых площадок наблюдений характеризовались высокой обеспеченностью обменным калием, низкой - подвижным фосфором, средней - нитратным азотом. Анализ содержания подвижных форм тяжелых металлов ( Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr ) не показал превышения существующих ПДК. Установлено, что содержание тяжелых металлов в эмбриоземах и в исследуемых растительных образцах находился в пределах допустимых значений. Выявлено, что листовой аппарат Betula pendula характеризовался более высокими значениями зольности и, в большей степени, аккумулировал цинк и медь, в сравнении с Pinus sylvestris. Различные биохимические перестройки у древесных растений позволяют их рассматривать как приспособительные и защитные реакции, направленные на выживание в экологических условиях породного отвала. Экспериментальные данные можно использовать в оценке состояния древесных растений и в качестве информативного параметра в биоиндикации окружающей среды.
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Статья научная
Перекись водорода является одной из наиболее распространенных активных форм кислорода, способной свободно диффундировать через клеточные мембраны, вызывая изменения редокс-статуса клеток и развитие окислительного стресса. В работе показано, что эффекты, вызываемые перекисью водорода, дозозависимы и могут вызывать как повреждение клеток, так и усиление их устойчивости к окислительному стрессу. В данной работе изучалось влияние различных доз H2O2 на редокс-статус клеток дрожжей Yarrowia lipolytica в процессе долговременного культивирования. Было показано, что введение оксиданта в логарифмической стадии роста имеет отсроченный эффект на уровень АФК в поздней стационарной стадии роста. При этом зависимость окислительно-восстановительного статуса от вводимой концентрации не линейна, что позволяет предположить инициацию различных сигнальных механизмов разными концентрациями оксиданта.
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Статья научная
Проведена селекция клонов рекомбинантного штамма Yarrowia lipolytica, продуцирующего инкапсулированную высокотермостабильную фитазу Obesumbacterium proteus. Показано, что введение плазмиды pUV3-Op не влияло на параметры роста и развитие трансформантов. Определено, что максимум фитазной активности достигался через 48 часов культивирования и характеризовался широким оптимальным диапазоном значений рН (5,0-7,0). Был исследован рост трансформантов на минимальной среде с использованием малоценного растительного сырья (жмых подсолнечника, пшеничные отруби, дробленая кукуруза) в качестве единственного источника фосфатов. В ходе эксперимента проанализировано накопление биомассы, фитазная активность и морфология трансформантов Y. lipolytica. Рост на среде, содержащей жмых подсолнечника, сопровождался высоким уровнем фитазной активности и накоплением биомассы, в то время как культивирование на среде, содержащей дробленую кукурузу в качестве субстрата, обусловливали значительно более низкую концентрацию биомассы и уровень фитазной активности...
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